Explains fatty acid biosynthesis as an anabolic process in the cytosol, covering the initiation step where acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA, the elongation cycle run by fatty acid synthase, and termination at palmitate. It then looks at acetyl-CoA carboxylase's biotin-dependent domains and its regulation by citrate, fatty acyl-CoAs and AMPK, followed by hormonal, energy-status and SREBP-1c control. Four multiple-choice questions with answers close the note.
Topic 26 of 70 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Biochemistry (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 7 sections, about 559 words (4 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.
In this note
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS
ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE
FATTY ACYL SYNTHASE – MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME
REGULATION OF FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
MCQS
ANSWERS
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
ABC Carboxylase Rxns
Malonyl CoA formation
Gluconeogenesis
Odd chain fatty acid oxidation
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
1ˢᵗ condensation rxn = 4C
6 increments x 2C = 12C
Palmitate 16C
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS
Fatty acid biosynthesis is an anabolic process building fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through a series of enzymatic reactions. It predominantly occurs in the cytosol of liver and adipose cells in humans.
Initiation:
Begins with the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA.
This reaction is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis.
Elongation:
The elongation cycle adds two carbons from malonyl-CoA to a growing fatty acid chain.
Each cycle consists of condensation, reduction, dehydration, and a second reduction, ultimately extending the chain by two carbon atoms.
The cycles are catalyzed by the enzyme complex fatty acid synthase.
Termination:
The elongation process continues until the fatty acid reaches a typical length of 16 carbons (palmitate), which is then released.
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