Explains what makes a monocarboxylic acid unsaturated, using acrylic acid as the example, and shows how the carboxyl group is named and structured. Introduces acrylic, methacrylic and oleic acid, with their uses, then covers oxidation, hydrogenation and electrophilic addition with bromine water, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids and how aspirin and ibuprofen inhibit prostaglandin formation.
Topic 27 of 42 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Chemistry (Medicine, Year 1). The free AceMed note covers it in 8 sections, about 918 words (6 min of reading), with 20 flashcards.
Monocarboxylic Acid: This indicates the presence of a single carboxylic acid group (COOH) attached to the carbon chain.
Example (CH2=CH-COOH) It has:
Two carbon atoms (CH2=CH) connected by a double bond (characteristic of being unsaturated).
A carboxylic acid group (COOH) attached to one of the carbons.
Unsaturated: This refers to the presence of one or more double bonds (also called pi bonds) between carbon atoms in the molecule.
Structure :
Monocarboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a functional group called the carboxyl group, with the general formula R-COOH.
The carboxyl group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH).
The "R" in the formula represents a hydrocarbon chain, which can be aliphatic (straight or branched chain) or aromatic (ring-shaped).
The carbon atom in the carboxyl group that is doubly bonded to oxygen is the most acidic carbon in the molecule.
The hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen (OH) is responsible for the acidic properties of carboxylic acids.
Nomenclature :
Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, starting from the carbon atom that is bonded to the carboxyl group (COOH). The carbon atom in the COOH group is always considered carbon number 1 (C1).
Replace the "-e" ending of the parent alkane with "-oic acid" to create the base name of the molecule.
Monocarboxylic Acid: This indicates the presence of a single carboxylic acid group (COOH) attached to the carbon chain.
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