15. Hygienic standards and requirements for specialized healthcare institutions. Nosocomial infections.
Covers the hygienic standards that specialised facilities such as ICUs, maternity wards, infectious disease hospitals and dialysis centres must meet, including site selection, zoning, separate routes, ventilation rates, HEPA filtration, water and waste handling, and surface requirements. It then defines hospital-acquired infections, lists common types and their causative bacteria, fungi and viruses, and sets out prevention measures and the importance of hygiene for patients, staff and antimicrobial resistance.
Inside: 2 sections · 15 flashcards · 2 min
Topic 15 of 78 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Hygiene and Occupational Medicine (Medicine, Year 4). The free AceMed note covers it in 2 sections, about 258 words (2 min of reading), with 15 flashcards.
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Hygienic standards and requirements for specialized healthcare institutions. Nosocomial infections.
Nosocomial Infections (HAIs)
Hygienic standards and requirements for specialized healthcare institutions. Nosocomial infections.
Specialized healthcare facilities, like ICUs, maternity wards, infectious disease hospitals, and dialysis centers, require strict hygiene to protect patients, staff, and visitors, and to prevent nosocomial infections. The main standards and requirements include:
Locating the facility away from industrial or overcrowded areas
Implementing zoning for clean, semi-clean, and contaminated areas, with isolation units for infectious patients
Providing separate entrances and exits for staff, patients, and waste transport
Ensuring adequate ventilation: 6–12 air changes per hour in wards and ≥12 in operating rooms
Using HEPA filters in ICUs, ORs, and isolation rooms, with positive or negative pressure rooms as needed
Supplying continuous safe water for drinking, washing, and sterilization, along with proper sewage and liquid waste treatment
Maintaining smooth, non-porous surfaces for floors, walls, furniture, and equipment
Sterilizing surgical and reusable instruments
Segregating infectious, chemical, and general waste, with safe transport, storage, and disposal
Providing hand hygiene stations, clean linen storage, staff changing rooms, and personal protective equipment.
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