Pharmacology · MU Sofia

54. Antiulcer drugs.

Covers the main antiulcer drug classes used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, reflux and H. pylori infection, including proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, antacids, mucosal protective bismuth and antibiotics. It goes through mechanisms of action, then a table of pharmacokinetic properties for each drug, followed by side effects, drug interactions, therapeutic uses and pregnancy and breastfeeding safety. It ends with recap questions.

Inside: 9 sections · 6 labelled pictures · 1 table · 10 flashcards · 4 min

Topic 53 of 93 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Pharmacology (Medicine, Year 3). The free AceMed note covers it in 9 sections, about 409 words (4 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Antiulcer Drugs
  2. Classification
  3. Pharmacodynamics
  4. Pharmacokinetics
  5. Side Effects
  6. Drug Interactions
  7. Therapeutic Use
  8. Pregnancy and Milk
  9. Recap Questions

Antiulcer Drugs

Antiulcer drugs are medications used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis, and acid-related disorders by reducing acid production, neutralizing acid, protecting the mucosal lining, or eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection.

Classification

  1. 1. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole
  2. 2. H2 receptor antagonists: Cimetidine, Famotidine
  3. 3. Antacids: Aluminium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium hydroxide
  4. 4. Mucosal protective agents: Bismuth subsalicylate
  5. 5. Antibiotics (for H. pylori eradication): Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline

Pharmacodynamics

  • PPIs irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells, reducing basal and stimulated acid secretion.
  • H2 receptor antagonists block histamine H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, decreasing cAMP-mediated acid secretion.
  • Antacids neutralize existing stomach acid by forming salts and water, increasing gastric pH and providing rapid symptomatic relief.
  • Mucosal protective agents (e.g. bismuth subsalicylate) coat ulcers and inflamed mucosa, forming a barrier against acid and pepsin. Bismuth also has antimicrobial action against H. pylori.
  • Antibiotics eliminate H. pylori, the key causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, by targeting bacterial DNA, protein, or cell wall synthesis.

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