30) Integral measures of population health- Healthy life expectancy, disability adjusted life years, avoidable mortality. (1/2)
For many years, life expectancy in almost every country has slowly been increasing with a rise in chronic diseases among already people in many countries (an increase in morbidity).
-As a consequence, increasing efforts have been focused on constructing a novel health indicators that take into account both mortality and morbidity.
The concept of integrated health indicator was first proposed by Sander in 1964. In 1971, Sullivan developed a simple computational technique for a (HLE) health expectancy index, showing how many years people could expect to live in good health.
-To calculate the life expectancy, information on both mortality and morbidity is combined.
Indicators: Using data obtained from unified questionnaires proposed by WHO can calculate following indicators:
- -Perceived health expectancy
- -Disability-free life expectancy
- -Handicap-free life expectancy
-Avoidable mortality: Conditions from which, in the presence of timely and effective medical care, premature death should not occur Single case of death (illness/disability): Why did it happen? Rate: not every single case preventable/ manageable reduction of incidence
-There is increasing evidence that health can make a considerable contribution to population health -The concept of “avoidable mortality” offers a way to measure this contribution, and to compare the relative performance of countries and over time - Measures at aggregate level (such as avoidable mortality) are limited as they do not indicate which elements of the health system perform ‘sub-optimal’