Anatomy Bones and Muscles · MU Pleven

56. Large intestine - coecum, appendix, colon.

Covers the large intestine from the ileum to the anus, including its innervation, blood supply and histological layers, then its external features such as haustra, taeniae coli and omental appendices. It goes on to the caecum and vermiform appendix, with the appendix's surface landmark, positions and lymphatic drainage, and then the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon and rectum, with their relations and vascular supply.

Inside: 21 sections · 16 labelled pictures · 2 tables · 10 flashcards · 10 min

Topic 55 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 20 sections, about 1,245 words (10 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. 65 LARGE INTESTINE
  2. Innervation:
  3. Blood supply :
  4. Parts.
  5. Histology :
  6. Appearance:
  7. 65 CAECUM
  8. Main relations of cecum:
  9. Morphology :
  10. APPENDIX
  11. Surface anatomy:
  12. Different positions of the appendix :
  13. Supply of the appendix
  14. COLON
  15. RECTUM
  16. Rectal flexure:
  17. Peritoneum of the rectum
  18. Muscles:
  19. Syntopy:
  20. Supply

65 LARGE INTESTINE

  • The last part of the digestive System.
  • Extends from the distal end of the ileum to the anus
  • Length ~ 1.5 m
  • Function :

Innervation:

  1. 1. Sup. Mesenteric plexus → cecum, appendix, ascen. colon & transverse colon
  2. 2. Inf. Mesenteric plexus ⟶ from left colic flexure to the rectum.

Blood supply :

  1. 1. Superior mesenteric art. (SMA)
  2. 2. Inferior mesenteric art. (IMA)

Parts.

  1. 1 Caecum
  2. 1.1 Vermiform appendix (appendix vermiformis)
  3. 2 Colon
  4. 2.1 Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
  5. 2.2 Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  6. 2.3 Descending colon (colon descendens)
  7. 2.4 Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum)
  8. 3 Rectum
  9. 3.1 Anus

Histology :

Mucosa (and submucosa)

  • – contains a single layer of columnar epithelium, there are no villi

Muscular layer – has a circular and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

  • – there are several regions along the course of the large intestine with highly developed circular muscle that form functional sphincters

Superficial layer – is covered by the visceral peritoneum except on the posterior wall of the ascending and descending colon and the aboral part of the rectum, which are connected to the surrounding tissue by adventitia

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