Anatomy Bones and Muscles · MU Pleven

57. Large intestine - rectum

Covers the large intestine from the caecum to the rectum, starting with its length, innervation and blood supply, then the caecum and vermiform appendix with its surface landmark and positions. It goes on to the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon with their relations, and ends with the rectum, its flexures, peritoneal coverage, syntopy by sex and vascular and nerve supply. A table lists the rectal arteries and veins, and the note includes a histology and external appearance section on haustra and taeniae coli.

Inside: 15 sections · 16 labelled pictures · 2 tables · 10 flashcards · 9 min

Topic 56 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 15 sections, about 1,253 words (9 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.

In this note

  1. 65 LARGE INTESTINE
  2. Innervation:
  3. Blood supply :
  4. Parts.
  5. Histology :
  6. Appearance:
  7. 65 CAECUM
  8. APPENDIX
  9. COLON
  10. RECTUM
  11. Rectal flexure:
  12. Peritoneum of the rectum
  13. Muscles:
  14. Syntopy:
  15. Supply

65 LARGE INTESTINE

  • The last Part of the digestive System.
  • Extends from the distal end of the ileum to the anus
  • Length ~ 1.5 m
  • Function :

Innervation:

  1. 1. Sup. Mesenteric plexus → cecum, appendix, ascen. colon & transverse colon
  2. 2. Inf. Mesenteric plexus → from left colic flexure to the rectum.

Blood supply :

  1. 1. Superior mesenteric art. (SMA)
  2. 2. Inferior mesenteric art. (IMA)

Parts.

  1. 1 Caecum
  2. 1.1 Vermiform appendix (appendix vermiformis)
  3. 2 Colon
  4. 2.1 Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
  5. 2.2 Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  6. 2.3 Descending colon (colon descendens)
  7. 2.4 Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum)
  8. 3 Rectum
  9. 3.1 Anus

Histology :

Mucosa (and submucosa)

– contains a single layer of columnar epithelium, there are no villi

Muscular layer – has a circular and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

– there are several regions along the course of the large intestine with highly developed circular muscle that form functional sphincters

Superficial layer – is covered by the visceral peritoneum except on the posterior wall of the ascending and descending colon and the aboral part of the rectum, which are connected to the surrounding tissue by adventitia

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