Anatomy Bones and Muscles · MU Pleven

58. Liver

Covers the liver's size, position and external surfaces, then its segmentation into lobes and functional segments with the segment names listed. Also describes the diaphragmatic, visceral, posterior and inferior surfaces with their impressions, the three fixing ligaments, blood, venous and lymphatic supply, innervation, the list of functions and the basic histology of capsule, hepatocytes, sinusoids and bile canaliculi.

Inside: 12 sections · 9 labelled pictures · 13 flashcards · 6 min

Topic 57 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 12 sections, about 794 words (6 min of reading), with 13 flashcards.

In this note

  1. LIVER
  2. External features :
  3. Segmentation:
  4. Diaphragmatic surface :
  5. Supply : ( depends on the functional division of the liver ).
  6. Visceral surface :
  7. Posterior surface ( from right to the left)
  8. Inferior surface
  9. Fixation :
  10. Innervation
  11. Functions :
  12. Histology:

LIVER

We don't feel its weight → because its very well attached to the body by different ligaments

  • Largest visceral organ
  • Largest gland in the body
  • Weight 1,5 _ 1,8 Kg without blood

with blood 2,5 Kg

  • Site : Occupies mainly the right hypochondrium, and epigastricum extending to left hypochondrium

External features :

  • Surfaces of the liver include :
  1. 1. Diaphragmatic surface : in the anterior, superior and posterior
  2. 2. Visceral surface : inferior

Segmentation:

falciform ligament ↳ derived from the ventral mesentery in the embryo

Lobes (lobi)

  • – are marked by grooves on the visceral surface
  1. 1 Right lobe (lobus dexter) – on the right side of the left sagittal fissure
  2. 2 Left lobe (lobus sinister) – on the left side of the left sagittal fissu
  3. 3 Quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus) – below the porta hepatis
  4. 4 Caudate lobe (lobus caudatus) – above the porta hepatis

Segments (segmenta)

  • – are divided by the branching pattern of the blood vessels and biliary tree
  • – the inner segmentation does not correlate with the pattern of lobes as seen from the surface
  1. I Posterior segment – caudate lobe (segmentum posterius)
  2. II Left posterior lateral segment (segmentum posterius laterale sinistrum)
  3. III Left anterior lateral segment (segmentum anterius laterale s
  4. IV Left medial segment (segmentum mediale sinistrum)
  5. V Right anterior medial segment (segmentum anterius mediale dextrum)
  6. VI Right anterior lateral segment (segmentum anterius laterale dextrum)
  7. VII Right posterior lateral segment (segmentum posterius laterale dextrum)
  8. VIII Right posterior medial segment (segmentum posterius mediale dextrum)

imaginary line passing through groove for IVC and fossa for gall bladder

* So caudate and quadrate lobes are parts of left functional lobe.

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