62. Respiratory system -- general review and growth.
Covers the respiratory system as a whole, starting with its conducting and respiratory portions and the upper and lower airways, then the embryonic development of the lungs and airways from the fourth week. It goes on to the nose, its external anatomy, skeleton, blood and nerve supply and histology, then the nasal cavity with its regions, walls, conchae, meatuses and neighbouring structures. It ends with the paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal drainage route. Picture-based content and diagrams are included, with several structure lists by number.
Topic 61 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 18 sections, about 1,118 words (8 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.
In this note
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system :
The air passages
Development of the Respiratory System :
NOSE
External anatomy of the nose :
Supply and innervation :
Structure (when we remove the skin)
Histology
NASAL CAVITY
Lateral wall structure :
Boundaries of each half of the nasal cavity:
Meatus of the lateral wall:
Syntopy :
Vascular supply
Histology:
Innervation .
PARA NASAL SINUSES
The respiratory system :
Fundamental for gas exchange via negative pressure breathing.
Consists of a conduction portion (respiratory tract) and a respiratory portion (lungs)
Involved in voice formation (larynx) and olfactory (nasal cavity)
The air passages
Upper respiratory tract
1 Nasal cavity(cavitas nasi)
1.1 Paranasal sinuses(sinus para
2 Pharynx
2.1 Nasopharynx(pars nasalis ph
2.2 Oropharynx(pars oralis phary
2.3 Laryngopharynx or hypophar(pars laryngea pharyngis)
Lower respiratory tract
3 Larynx
4 Trachea
5 Bronchi
6 Lungs(pulmones)
→ has:
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar ducts
Multiple alveoli
Development of the Respiratory System :
Begins at about the middle of the 4th week
Develops from both endoderm & mesoderm.
Steps :
4ᵗʰ week: a respiratory diverticulum outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut
The diverticulum expand ventrally & caudally. & eventually separates from the foregut, forming the esophagus.
The diverticulum forms distally lung bud & the rest forms the trachea
The lung bud bifurcates into right & left primary bronchial buds
5ᵗʰ week: the 1° bronchial buds gives rise to 2° then to 3° bronchial buds ⋮
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