Chemistry · MU Pleven

Nonsaponifiable  lipids.  Terpenes  and  carotenoids  –  characteristics,  types,  structure,  representatives.

Covers non-saponifiable lipids through terpenes and carotenoids, starting with how terpenes are classed by isoprene units, from monoterpenes to triterpenes, with examples such as limonene, camphor and squalene. It then moves to terpene formula and odour roles, oxygen-containing derivatives like methanol, terpin hydrate and camphor, and finally carotenoids, retinol and xanthophylls such as lutein.

Inside: 5 sections · 6 labelled pictures · 23 flashcards · 4 min

Topic 46 of 47 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Chemistry (Medicine, Year 1). The free AceMed note covers it in 5 sections, about 506 words (4 min of reading), with 23 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Non saponifiable lipids. Terpenes and carotenoids – characteristics, types, structure, and representatives.
  2. Non Saponifiable lipids
  3. Terpenes
  4. Oxygen derivatives.
  5. Carotenoids

Non Saponifiable lipids

These largest structures are assembled for several isoprene units, usually by head to tail linked isoprene units.

Their parent hydrocarbons are classified according to the number of isoprene units.

Monoterpenes; 2 isoprene units, 10 carbon atoms.

Cyclic terpenes -

With a wide variety of cyclic terpene hydrocarbons C5H8, they have fewer double bonds than the open chain terpenes.

A. Monocyclic monoterpenes -

It is extended structural homologues of cyclohexane. The parent molecule is Para menthane.

The important members belong to this group are Alpha-terpinene, Beta terpinene, and Limonene. Very frequently found in a variety of essential oils.

B. Bicyclic monoterpenes.

Gabapentin. As a crystalline structure. Terrified that may be regarded as the parent compound of borneol camphor and related compounds.

Depending on the nature of the hydrocarbon chain, turbines are aliphatic, open chain, and cyclic.

  1. a. Monoterpenes – 2 isoprene units Examples of Aliphatic monoterpenes; myrcene, geraniol, citronellal in lemon oil.
  2. b. Sesquiterpenes – C15 compounds with 3 isoprene units Example – Farnesol occurs in essential oils of rose, acacia and cyclamen
  3. c. Diterpenes- C20 compounds with 4 isoprene units. Example- phytol occurs in chlorophyll.
  4. d. Triterpenes – 30 carbon atoms are abundant Example – Squalene found in shark liver oil.

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