31. Pancreas. Embryonic development. Macroscopic, microscopic, ultramicroscopic and functional characteristics of exocrine and endocrine part. Blood and nerve supply.

PANCREAS

• Secondary retroperitoneal organ
• It is soft mixed gland:
• endocrine - relases hormons into the blood.

One of the important hormons it releases is insulin.

Exocrine - produces pancreatic juice that contains different enzyme.

flows into the duodenum

• Extends from concavity of the duodenum (at right side) to the spleen (at left side).
• It lies in the epigastric and left hypochondrial regions (Its neck at level of L1).

Parts:

1. 1 Head of pancreas (caput pancreatis) – the large and rounded part of the pancreas

• is located in front of the body of vertebra L2 within the concavity of the duodenum

1. 1.1 Pancreatic notch (incisura pancreatis)

• an notch on the inferior aspect of the pancreas between its head and body

1. 1.2 Uncinate process (processus uncinatus) – a extension of the head of the pancreas

• passes behind the superior mesenteric vessels

1. 2 Body of pancreas (corpus pancreatis) – the narrower and longer part of the pancreas

• courses horizontally to the left side over the large vessels

1. 2.1 Omental eminence (tuber omentale)

• a ventral prominence elevated by the abdominal aorta

1. 3 Tail of pancreas (cauda pancreatis) – points towards the spleen, located intraperitoneally