Anatomy · MU Sofia

Cardiovascular system · 102. Heart (cor). Development, topography and external relief.

Gives a general overview of the cardiovascular system: the heart's position, chambers and valves, then arteries, veins and capillaries, followed by the systemic and pulmonary circulations. It then explains collateral circulation, distinguishing pre-existing from newly formed vessels, lists coronary, cerebral and peripheral sites, and names regions such as the central retina where collaterals are absent.

Inside: 5 sections · 1 labelled picture · 14 flashcards · 2 min

Topic 94 of 264 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 5 sections, about 220 words (2 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.

In this note

  1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  2. Parts:
  3. Circulations:
  4. COLATERAL CIRCULATION
  5. Common Sites of Collateral Circulation:

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

  • The cardiovascular system, also known as circulatory system.
  • Is a complex network of organs on vesseles responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.

Parts:

  1. 1. Heart: is a muscular organ located in thoracic cavity, between the lungs slightly to the left of the midline.
  • Has 4 chambers (2 atrium + 2 ventricles) 4 Valves (2 atrioventricular + 2 semilunar valves)
  1. 2. Blood vessels:
  2. 2.1 Arteries: carry oxygenated blood (except pulomanary artery).
  3. 2.2 Veins: carry deoxygenated " (" " vein)
  4. 3. Capillaries: tiny vessels where exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste products occurs between blood and tissue.

Circulations:

  1. 1. Systemic circulation: Oxygenated blood pumped from the left ventricle to the body tissues and returns to the right atrium.
  2. 2. Pulmonary Circulation: Deoxygenated blood " " " right ventricle " lungs " left atrium.

COLATERAL CIRCULATION

  • Collateral circulation refers to the alternate or accessory network of blood vessels, that can provide a route for blood flow when the primary blood vessels are blocked.
  • Some collaterals are pre-existing (Artiogenesis), while others may develop or enlarge in response to chronic ischemia or arteial blockages "new vesseles (Angiogenesis)

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