Anatomy · MU Sofia

Cardiovascular system · 103. Heart chambers. Cardiac valves.

Covers the embryological development of the heart from the third week, including the cardiogenic area, the paired heart tubes and pericardial cavities, the five primitive tube regions and their adult derivatives, and looping into a C shape. It then describes the heart's position in the mediastinum, its surface borders, the base and apex, the anterior, inferior and pulmonary surfaces, and the coronary and interventricular sulci with the vessels that run in them. Several illustrations accompany the text.

Inside: 5 sections · 7 labelled pictures · 15 flashcards · 5 min

Topic 95 of 264 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 5 sections, about 652 words (5 min of reading), with 15 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Introduction
  2. HEART
  3. Development:
  4. Topography:
  5. Surface features:

HEART

  • The heart is a muscular organ located in thoracic cavity, behind the sternum
  • The heart consists of 4 chambers seperated by septa & valves.

+ more information of the heart from next topics.

Development:

  • Begins at the 3ʳᵈ week of embroying development.
  • From mesoderm.
  1. 1 - The heart begins to develop near the head of the embryo in a region of mesoderm called cardiogenic area.
  2. 2 - The endocardium release VEGF stimulate the lateral plate mesoderm. to form 2 heart tubes, and a little cavites start to develop call pericardial cavities.
  3. 3 - The 2 heart tubes fuse to form 1 primative tube The 2 pericardial cavities fuse to form 1 cavity.

* The heart tube connected with the cavity by dorsal mesocardium.

  1. 4. The Primitve tube quickly form 5 regions.
  2. 1. Truncus Arteriosus - gives rise to Ascending Aorta
  3. 2. Bulbus Cordis - " " right ventricle.
  4. 3. Primative atrium - " " anterior portion of both atrium.
  5. 4. Primative ventricle - " " left ventricle
  6. 5. Sinus venosus - " " posterior portion of both atria, SA nodes.

↓ looping

  1. 5. The primative heart tube elongates and it begins to fold within the pericardium, eventually forming an C shape......
  2. 6. End of the 5ᵗʰ week, the chambers formed valves are formed.

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