Covers the four small parathyroid glands, their position on the posterior border of the thyroid and within its capsule, and their colour. It then sets out the arterial supply and venous drainage, the superior and inferior glands with their embryological origin in the pharyngeal pouches, and the histology of chief and oxyphil cells. The note ends with innervation by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the role of parathyroid hormone in calcium and phosphorus control.
Topic 91 of 264 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Anatomy (Dental Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 6 sections, about 179 words (1 min of reading), with 10 flashcards.
In this note
PARATHYROID GLANDS
Vasculation :
Types :
Histology :
Innervation:
Function :
PARATHYROID GLANDS
4 small endocrine glands laying on posterior border of thyroid gland within its capsule.
Have yellow/ reddish-brown.
Vasculation :
Atrial supply:
✓ Inferior thyroid art.
Sup. parathyroid art.
Inf. parathyroid art.
Venous Drainage:
✓ Sup. + Inf. thyroid v.s
Types :
Superior parathyroid glands.
This pair is called (parathyroid IV) as it develops from the 4th pharyngeal pouch.
Each gland lies on the middle of the posterior border of the corresponding thyroid lobe.
Inferior parathyroid glands.
Called (parathyroid III), as it " " 3ed pharyngeal pouch.
Each gland lies either
✓ below inferior thyroid artery (near the base of the corresponding thyroid lobe)
or
✓ Outside the thyroid capsule (just above the inf. thyroid art.).
Histology :
Chief cells
the predominant cell type.
responsible for the the synthesis and secreations of (PTH).
Have a pale-staining cytoplasm and a central, round nucleus.
Oxyphil cells :
larger and have a more eosinophilic (pink-staining) cytoplasm compared to chief cells.
Function : no known function!
Increases with age.
Vascular stroma
Capsule.
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