Медицина · 1 курс · МУ Пловдив

Биофизика

Целият конспект на МУ Пловдив по Биофизика, медицина, 1 курс: 30 теми, 21 теми с безплатна записка (85 минути четене), и 393 флашкарти. Обновено на 10 ноември 2026 г.

теми в конспекта: 30
безплатни записки: 21
флашкарти: 393
четене: 85 мин

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Конспект

Темите в реда на конспекта на МУ Пловдив. Всяка тема със записка се отваря в AceMed, щом влезеш в профила си.

1. Thermodynamic systems and processes. First principle of thermodynamic. Application in biological systems.4. Biothermodynamics - basics: basic concepts. First law of thermodynamics, internal energy. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy3 мин · 15 флашкарти
2. Secondary principle of thermodynamic. Entropy. Free energy.5. Biothermodynamics - potentials: entropy as a measure of disorder and probability. Third law. Thermodynamic potentials - definitions, changes, consequences2 мин · 15 флашкарти
3. Application of the secondary thermodynamic principle in biological objects. Equation of Prigogine.7. The entropy in open systems: validity of the laws of thermodynamics in living systems. The change of entropy in an open system. Steady state and thermodynamic equilibrium · 8. Fundamentals of nonequilibrium biothermodynamics: linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics - generalized fluxes and driving forces. Flux conjugation criteria. A steady state close to equilibrium5 мин · 26 флашкарти
4. Biological membranes. Common features. Construction of the lipid molecules. Organization of the membrane.9. Biomembranes - composition, types and functions. Membrane lipids: subject and importance of biological membranology, types of membranes. Functions and basic chemical composition of biomembranes. Membrane phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol3 мин · 15 флашкарти
5. Membrane proteins and glycoproteins. Localization of the membrane carbohydrates10. Membrane proteins and models: membrane proteins and glycoproteins - functions, localization and binding. Membrane models and methods of investigation of biomembranes. The erythrocyte membranes2 мин · 14 флашкарти
6. Mobility of the membrane components.Подготвя се
7. Phase transitions in the biological membranes.12. Properties and phase behavior of membranes: phase transition in the lipid bilayers. Lamellar and nonlamellar liquid crystal phases. Mobility of the membrane components - lateral and transversal diffusion2 мин · 15 флашкарти
8. Gradients. Chemical, concentration and electric potential. Electrochemical potential. Equations potentials.Подготвя се
9. Diffusion, trans-diffusion, osmosis and filtration.16. Membrane transport 2: free diffusion of ions - the Nernst-Planck equation, dimensionless potential. Non-free diffusion through a pored membrane · 17. Membrane transport 3: osmosis and filtration. Dialysis and hemodialysis. Water exchange through membranes and between blood and tissues5 мин · 29 флашкарти
10. Passive transport. Eased and exchanged diffusion.18. Membrane transport 4: facilitated diffusion. Ionophores - mobile carriers (valinomycin) and channel-forming carriers (gramicidin A). Principles of action, molecular structure and selectivity3 мин · 13 флашкарти
11. Ionophores. Ion channels.18. Membrane transport 4: facilitated diffusion. Ionophores - mobile carriers (valinomycin) and channel-forming carriers (gramicidin A). Principles of action, molecular structure and selectivity · 22. Action potential: nature, formation, propagation. The Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Ion channels - model structure, effects of toxins and drugs7 мин · 29 флашкарти
12. Active transport. Model of sodium – potassium pump. Calcium pump.19. Membrane transport 5: active transport. Sodium-potassium pump and calcium pump - importance, role of ATP, molecular structure and model of action. Types of active transport with examples3 мин · 14 флашкарти
13. Diffusion potential. Bernstein’s and Goldman’s equation. Permeability and conductivity. Potential of a rest condition.20. Biopotentials - basics: diffusion, equilibrium (Nernst) and Donnan potentials - conditions and mechanisms of generation, dependencies on concentration and time · 21. Resting potential: origin of the resting potential - theories. Goldman equation. The effect of electrogenic pump. Resting potential components4 мин · 27 флашкарти
14. Action potential of nerve cells.22. Action potential: nature, formation, propagation. The Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Ion channels - model structure, effects of toxins and drugs4 мин · 16 флашкарти
15. Membrane current at the time of the excitation.Подготвя се
16. Ion theory of the excitation. Theory of Hodgkin and Huxley.22. Action potential: nature, formation, propagation. The Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Ion channels - model structure, effects of toxins and drugs4 мин · 16 флашкарти
17. Refractory period. Following potentials. Accommodation.Подготвя се
18. Propagation of the action potential. Electrotonic potential. Mechanism of conduction. Speed of spreading.22. Action potential: nature, formation, propagation. The Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Ion channels - model structure, effects of toxins and drugs4 мин · 16 флашкарти
19. Bioelectrical activity of the excitable tissues.Подготвя се
20. Structure and mechanical characteristics of striated muscles.11. Skeletal muscle. Mechanism of muscle contraction.6 мин · 25 флашкарти
21. Types of muscle contraction. Temporary characteristics of single muscle contraction. 2+12. Types of muscle contraction8 мин · 20 флашкарти
22. Contracting mechanisms by striated muscles. The role of the Ca.11. Skeletal muscle. Mechanism of muscle contraction.6 мин · 25 флашкарти
23. Propagation of the excited process. Electromechanical connection. 2+Подготвя се
24. Smooth muscles structure. Mechanism of smooth muscles contraction. The role of the Ca. Phasic and tonic contractions.13. Smooth muscle5 мин · 16 флашкарти
25. Comparative characteristic between smooth muscle and striated muscle contractions.Подготвя се
26. Double electrical layer. Electrokinetic potential, dependence on the pH of the medium.23. Surface electric charge of cells and tissues. Electrokinetic phenomena: origin of the surface electric charge - double electric layer and potential distribution. Stability of charged particle suspensions. Electrophoretic mobility - dependence on pH and ionic strength. Types of electrophoresis3 мин · 15 флашкарти
27. Electrical permeability of the tissue for constant current. Polarization. Types.24. Passive electric properties of cells and tissues: electroconductivity of cells and tissues for DC and AC. Types of polarization of dielectrics and heterogeneous systems. Electroporation and electrofusion. Impedance and dispersion of the dielectric permittivity. Applications in medicine3 мин · 16 флашкарти
28. Impedance. Dispersion of the dielectric permittivity. Application of the method in the biology and in the medicine.24. Passive electric properties of cells and tissues: electroconductivity of cells and tissues for DC and AC. Types of polarization of dielectrics and heterogeneous systems. Electroporation and electrofusion. Impedance and dispersion of the dielectric permittivity. Applications in medicine3 мин · 16 флашкарти
29. Application of the constant current and low frequencies impulses in clinical practice.Подготвя се
30. Application of the alternating current and electromagnetic fields in biological objects.Подготвя се

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