Anatomy Bones and Muscles · MU Pleven

66. Trachea. Bronchi

Covers the trachea's length, its start at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage and its termination at the carina near the sternal angle, then the cervical and thoracic relations and the blood, lymph and nerve supply. Also describes the wall structure, including the C-shaped cartilaginous rings, the membranous posterior wall and the mucosal epithelium with goblet cells. The bronchi section gives their origin, supply, and a full bronchial tree listing lobar and segmental bronchi for each side, followed by their mediastinal relations.

Inside: 12 sections · 7 labelled pictures · 13 flashcards · 4 min

Topic 65 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 11 sections, about 629 words (4 min of reading), with 13 flashcards.

In this note

  1. Introduction
  2. TRACHEA
  3. Beginning and Termination
  4. Syntopy:-
  5. Supply:
  6. Histology / Structure of the rings:
  7. BRONCHI
  8. Bronchial trees
  9. Syntopy:
  10. Histology:
  11. Functional structure

TRACHEA

  • Length 10 - 12 cm
  • diameter 2,5
  • It is a cartilaginous and fibromuscular tube.

Beginning and Termination

  • The trachea begins in the neck at the lower border of cricoid cartilage of the larynx at the level of C6 vertebra.
  • It terminates in the thorax at the level of sternal angle (T4 vertebra), by giving right and left main bronchi (little at the right side of the median plane).
  • The tracheal bifurcation is called the carina. With deep inspiration, the carina may reach the level of T6 vertebra.
  • So, half of its course is in the neck and the other half is in the thorax (superior mediastinum).

Syntopy:-

Cervical part (pars cervicalis)

  • – the continuation of the larynx at the level of the vertebra C6
  • – is located within the visceral space of the neck
  • ventrally: isthmus of the thyroid gland
  • laterally: thyroid gland, carotid sheath and recurrent laryngeal nerve (dorsolaterally)
  • dorsally: oesophagus

Thoracic part (pars thoracica)

  • – begins at the level of the cranial margin of the manubrium of the sternum
  • – passes through the superior mediastinum
  • – splits into the two main bronchi at the level of the T4 vertebra
  • – near the bifurcation, its left side touches the arch of the aorta
  • 3 dorsally: oesophagus
  • 4 ventrally: arch of aorta and its branches
  • 5 left: left recurrent laryngeal nerve, arch of aorta
  • 6 right: right recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior vena cava and azygos vein

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