Anatomy Bones and Muscles · MU Pleven

89. Heart. Development, topography and external features

Covers the embryological development of the heart from the third week, tracing the cardiogenic area, the fusion of the heart tubes and the formation of the primitive tube regions, looping and valve formation. It then describes the heart's position in the mediastinum, its borders and surfaces, the sulci with their contents, and the projection points on the anterior chest wall. A short section on the cardiovascular system and collateral circulation follows.

Inside: 9 sections · 11 labelled pictures · 14 flashcards · 7 min

Topic 88 of 236 in the MU Pleven syllabus for Anatomy Bones and Muscles (Medicine, Year 2). The free AceMed note covers it in 9 sections, about 991 words (7 min of reading), with 14 flashcards.

In this note

  1. H E A R T
  2. Development:
  3. Topography:
  4. Surface features:
  5. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  6. Parts:
  7. Circulations.
  8. COLATERAL CIRCULATION
  9. Common Sites of Collateral Circulation:

H E A R T

  • The heart is a muscular organ located in thoracic cavity, behind the sternum
  • The heart consists of 4 chambers separated by septa & valves.
  • + more information of the heart from next topics

Development:

  • Begins at the 3rd week of embryoing development.
  • From mesoderm.
  1. 1 - The heart begins to develop near the head of the embryo in a region of mesoderm called cardiogenic area
  2. 2 - The endocardium release VEGF stimulate the lateral plate mesoderm to form 2 heart tubes, and a little cavities start to develop call pericardial cavities.
  3. 3 - The 2 heart tubes fuse to form 1 primitive tube The 2 pericardial cavities fuse to form 1 cavity
  • * The heart tube connected with the cavity by dorsal mesocardium.
  1. 4. The Primitive tube quickly form 5 regions.
  2. 1. Truncus Arteriosus - gives rise to Ascending Aorta
  3. 2. Bulbus Cordis - " " right ventricle.
  4. 3. Primitive atrium - " " anterior portion of both atrium.
  5. 4. Primitive ventricle - " " left ventricle
  6. 5. Sinus venosus - " " posterior portion of both atria, SA nodes.

⇓ looping

  1. 5. The primitive heart tube elongates and it begins to fold within the pericardium, eventually forming an C shape ......
  2. 6. End of the 5th week, the chambers formed valves are formed.

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