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Medicine · Year 1 · MU Plovdiv

Human Biology

The full MU Plovdiv syllabus for Human Biology, Medicine, Year 1: 66 topics, 54 topics with a free study note (9 hours of reading), and 1,010 flashcards. Updated 10 November 2026.

syllabus topics
66
free notes
54
flashcards
1,010
of reading
9 h
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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Plovdiv syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

Molecular and cell biology 27 topics

  1. 1. Nucleic acids. DNA – localization and structure. The double helix model. Chargaff’s rules. DNA conformations.3. Nucleic acids. DNA. RNA7 min · 20 cards
  2. 2. Nucleic acids. Linear and circular DNA. DNA functions. Mitochondrial DNA – characteristics, functions.3. Nucleic acids. DNA. RNA7 min · 20 cards
  3. 3. Nucleic acids. RNA – structure and types, functions. Differences between RNA and DNA.3. Nucleic acids. DNA. RNA7 min · 20 cards
  4. 4. Replication of DNA. Necessary elements and mechanism. Replication of linear DNA molecules. Fidelity of replication.9. DNA replication.4 min · 20 cards
  5. 5. Replication of circular DNA molecules. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.9. DNA replication.4 min · 20 cards
  6. 6. Transcription. Necessary elements, stages and mechanism. Reverse transcription.5. Transcription. · 10. RNA replication. Reverse transcription18 min · 46 cards
  7. 7. Transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes – comparison. Processing of mRNA.5. Transcription. · 6. RNA processing.7 min · 49 cards
  8. 8. Translation. Necessary elements, stages and mechanism.7. Genetic code. Translation.3 min · 20 cards
  9. 9. Transfer of genetic information. The Central dogma. The genetic code – characteristics.7. Genetic code. Translation.3 min · 20 cards
  10. 10. Gene therapy – vectors, principles.45. Transgenic animals. Gene therapy.8 min · 9 cards
  11. 11. Mutations – characteristics and types. Gene rearrangements and point mutations.20. Gene mutations. Mechanisms and mutagenic factors.9 min · 11 cards
  12. 12. Genetic engineering – pre and post – zytogic selection, in vitro fertilization.Being written
  13. 13. Genetic engineering – cellular hybridization, fusion of embryos (hymeras), animal cloning.44. Cell micromanipulations.7 min · 10 cards
  14. 14. Molecular engineering. Recombinant DNA technologies.43. Recombinant DNA technology – restriction endonucleases, DNA vectors, recombinant proteins.10 min · 12 cards
  15. 15. Submicroscopic structure of chromosomes. Chromatin.18. Chromatin. Nucleosomes.8 min · 14 cards
  16. 16. Microscopic structure of chromosomes. Types of chromosomes.19. Human karyotype. Types of chromosomes.9 min · 12 cards
  17. 17. Epigenetic control of gene expression. X – chromosome inactivation. Genomic imprinting.2. Regulation of gene activity. Epigenetics. · 14. Non-traditional (non-Mendelian) inheritance: genomic imprinting, uniparental disomy, dynamic mutations, gonadal mosaicism, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, pleiotropy, de novo mutations.7 min · 27 cards
  18. 18. The normal human karyotype. Numerical chromosomal mutations – aneuploidy and polyploidy.19. Human karyotype. Types of chromosomes. · 21. Chromosomal mutations. Evolution of karyotype.16 min · 28 cards
  19. 19. Structural chromosomal mutations – deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations.21. Chromosomal mutations. Evolution of karyotype.7 min · 16 cards
  20. 20. The eukaryotic cell cycle. Mitosis. Cell cycle regulation – cyclins and Cdk.27. Cell cycle. Mitosis. Cell cycle control.5 min · 14 cards
  21. 21. Apoptosis. Characteristics. Genetic control, mechanisms, detection.29. Cell senescence. Cell death: apoptosis, necrosis.8 min · 10 cards
  22. 22. Tumor biology.28. Growth factors, protooncogenes, oncogenes, tumor suppressors. Oncogenic viruses8 min · 11 cards
  23. 23. Biology and genetics of cancer. Tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes.28. Growth factors, protooncogenes, oncogenes, tumor suppressors. Oncogenic viruses8 min · 11 cards
  24. 24. Meiosis – mechanism and stages. Differences between mitosis and meiosis.31. Meiosis. Origin of germ cells.9 min · 11 cards
  25. 25. Gametogenesis. Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis.32. Spermatogenesis. Mammalian spermatozoa. · 33. Oogenesis. Mature mammalian ova.17 min · 19 cards
  26. 26. Fertilization.34. Fertilization. Interaction of maternal and paternal genomes.9 min · 8 cards
  27. 27. Basic molecular biology techniques - PCR, DNA sequencing, DNA electrophoresis.41. Basic methods in molecular biology – electrophoresis, PCR, blotting, sequencing.7 min · 13 cards

Immunology 18 topics

  1. 28. Innate and adaptive immunity. Characteristics of the immune response.Being written
  2. 29. Innate immunity – factors and mechanisms.46. Innate immunity.7 min · 14 cards
  3. 30. Adaptive immunity. Fate of the antigen.Being written
  4. 31. The immune system. Central and peripheral lymphoid organs.52. Lymphocyte differentiation in central lymphoid organs. · 53. Lymphocyte differentiation in peripheral lymphoid organs. Immune response16 min · 51 cards
  5. 32. Antigens – characteristics, types. Haptens.Being written
  6. 33. Human alloantigens. Blood group antigens ABO (H), Se and Rhesus.58. Blood group alloantigens. ABO and H blood groups. · 59. Rhesus blood groups.17 min · 20 cards
  7. 34. Cells and molecules of the immune system. B-cells, T-cells. Characteristics and functions.Being written
  8. 35. APC, NK-cells. Characteristics and functions.Being written
  9. 36. Intercellular communications in the immune response. Activation of T- and B-cells. Cytokines.Being written
  10. 37. Kinetics of the immune response. Humoral and cellular immunity. Primary and secondary immune response. Immunological memory.53. Lymphocyte differentiation in peripheral lymphoid organs. Immune response · 54. Immune memory.15 min · 41 cards
  11. 38. The Complement system – characteristics and functions.Being written
  12. 39. Antibodies – structure and function. Immunoglobulin classes and characteristics.47. Structure of antibodies. · 48. Functions of antibodies.18 min · 22 cards
  13. 40. MHC – complex. Structure and function. MHC restriction.49. Molecules of cell-mediated immunity.8 min · 10 cards
  14. 41. Transplantation immunology. Immune response in graft rejection. Graft versus host reaction.56. Transplantation immunity.10 min · 20 cards
  15. 42. Tumor immunology. Tumor antigens. Tumor escape mechanisms. Immune response to tumors.57. Antitumor immunity. Evolution of immunity.11 min · 18 cards
  16. 43. Immunobiology of HIV/AIDS. AIDS.Being written
  17. 44. Hypersensitivity reactions – general characteristics and types.Being written
  18. 45. Antigen-antibody reactions. Agglutination, precipitation, immunoelectrophoresis, Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, flowcytometry, immunohistochemistry - principles and application.42. Immunological methods. Diagnosis of viral infections.7 min · 12 cards

Biology of parasites 21 topics

  1. 46. Parasitism as a biological phenomenon. Parasites and hosts. Adaptation of the parasite to the host.103. Overview of parasitism.11 min · 14 cards
  2. 47. Relationships and interactions between the parasite and the host.103. Overview of parasitism.11 min · 14 cards
  3. 48. Subkinngdom Protozoa. Subphylum Sarcodina. Genus Entamoeba – Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba gingivalis.81. Subphylum Sarcodina. Genus Entamoeba.14 min · 20 cards
  4. 49. Subkinngdom Protozoa. Subphylum Mastigophora. Order Kinetoplastida. Genus Trypanosoma – Trypanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma cruzi.78. Protozoa. Phylum Sarcomastigophora. Subphylum Mastigophora (Flagellata). Genus Trypanosoma..21 min · 16 cards
  5. 50. Subkinngdom Protozoa. Subphylum Mastigophora. Order Kinetoplastida. Genus Leishmania – Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tropica.79. Genus Leishmania.14 min · 21 cards
  6. 51. Subkinngdom Protozoa. Subphylum Mastigophora. Order Diplomonadida. Genus Trichomonas – Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas vaginalis. Genus Giardia - Giardia lamblia.80. Genus Trichomonas. Giardia lamblia (Lamblia intestinalis).14 min · 28 cards
  7. 52. Class Sporozoa. Malarial plasmodia - types. Morphology and biological cycle.83. Genus Plasmodium. Morphological differences in the erythrocyte schizogony of Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum.7 min · 10 cards
  8. 53. Class Sporozoa. Toxoplasma gondii.82. Phylum Apicomplexa. Toxoplasma gondii.15 min · 19 cards
  9. 54. Subkinngdom Protozoa. Phylum Ciliophora. Balantidium coli.84. Phylum Ciliophora. Balantidium coli.14 min · 10 cards
  10. 55. Phylum Platyhelminthes. Class Trematoda. Morphology and general characteristics. Fasciola hepatica. Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Opisthorchis felineus.86. Phylum Platyhelminthes: important evolutionary changes. Class Trematoda. Genus Fasciola. · 87. Dicrocoelium dendriticum (D. lanceatum). · 88. Genus Opisthorchis. Genus Schistosoma.21 min · 29 cards
  11. 56. Genus Schistosoma. Sch. haematobium. Sch. japonicom, Sch. mansoni.88. Genus Opisthorchis. Genus Schistosoma.7 min · 10 cards
  12. 57. Phylum Platyhelminthes. Class Cestoda. Morphology and general characteristics. Diphyllobothrium latum.89. Class Cestoda. Diphyllobothrium latum.6 min · 10 cards
  13. 58. Phylum Platyhelminthes. Class Cestoda. Taenia solium. Taenia saginata.90. Taenia saginata. Taenia solium.7 min · 10 cards
  14. 59. Phylum Platyhelminthes. Class Cestoda. Echinococcus granulosus.91. Echinococcus granulosus. Hymenolepis nana.7 min · 13 cards
  15. 60. Phylum Nemathelminthes. Class Nematoda. Morphology and general characteristics. Ascaris lumbricoides.92. Phylum Nematoda. Ascaris lumbricoides.7 min · 14 cards
  16. 61. Class Nematoda. Enterobius vermicularis. Trichuris trichiura. Trichinella spiralis. Phylum Nemathelminthes. Class Nematoda. Strongiloides stercorolis. Ancylostoma duodenole. Wuchereria bancrofti. Dracunculus medinensis.93. Enterobius vermicularis. Trichuris trichiura (Trichocephalus trichiurus). · 94. Trichinella spiralis. · 95. Ancylostoma duodenale. Strongyloides stercoralis. · 96. Dracunculus medinensis. Filarial worms: Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus.30 min · 56 cards
  17. 62. Phylum Arthropoda. Order Acarina - morphology, biological cycle, medical importance of ticks. Sarcoptes scabiei.99. Superorder Acariphormes. Genera Ixodes, Hyalomma, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus.10 min · 9 cards
  18. 63. Class Insecta. Morphology and general characteristics. Order Anoplura /lice/. Pediculus capitis, Pediculus vestimenti, Phthirius pubis.100. Class Insecta. The role of insects as vectors and mechanical carriers. · 101. Pediculus humanus. Phthirius pubis. Cimex lectularius. Pulex irritans.17 min · 20 cards
  19. 64. Order Aphaniptera /fleas/.Being written
  20. 65. Order Diptera - genus Culex, genus Anopheles. Phlebotomus papatasii.102. Genus Culex and genus Anopheles: morphological differences. Genus Phlebotomus.7 min · 8 cards
  21. 66. Family Muscidae, Glossina palpalis.Being written

Other Year 1 subjects

  • Biophysics21 notes
  • Chemistry25 notes
  • Cytology, General Histology and Human Embryology27 notes
  • Human Anatomy and Histology197 notes
  • Latin with Medical Terminology11 notes
  • Physics23 notes

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