Medicine · Year 1 · MU Plovdiv

Chemistry

The full MU Plovdiv syllabus for Chemistry, Medicine, Year 1: 26 topics, 25 topics with a free study note (4 hours of reading), and 625 flashcards. Updated 10 November 2026.

syllabus topics: 26
free notes: 25
flashcards: 625
of reading: 4 h

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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Plovdiv syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

1. Solutions – definition and types. Molecular and ionic solutions, solubility. Types of concentration (percent concentration, molarity, normality, osmolarity). Solutions in the human body.2.1 Dispersions · High Yield6 min · 20 cards
2. Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Acid ionization constant (Ka). Base ionization constant (Kb). Lewis’ theory of acids and bases.4.1 Protolysis Process · High Yield8 min · 19 cards
3. Self-ionization of water, ionic product of water. The pH scale, methods of measuring pH. Buffers – definition, buffer action. Calculation of the pH of buffers – Henderson-Hasselbalch’s equations. Buffers in the human body.4.2 Autoproteolysis. · High Yield · 4.4 Buffer solutions12 min · 39 cards
4. Chemical kinetics – reaction rate, rate law. Order of chemical reactions. Activation energy. Arrhenius Equation. Mechanism and molecularity of the chemical reaction.3.1. Chemical kinetics. · High Yield10 min · 25 cards
5. Catalysis. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Autocatalysis. Chemical equilibrium - basic conceptions, principle of Le Chatelier's. Factors influencing on the chemical equilibrium.3.2. Catalysts · High Yield · 3.4. Equilibrium · High Yield13 min · 35 cards
6. Chemical thermodynamics. The first and second laws of thermodynamics. Energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy. Endergonic and exergonic reactions. High energy bonds. High energy compounds and their significance in metabolism (ATP, creatine phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, thioesters, acylphosphates).3.3. Chemical thermodynamics · High Yield11 min · 16 cards
7. Oxidation-reduction reactions-definitions. Disproportionation and comproportionation reactions – definition and examples. Biological oxidation and reduction, redox potentials. Redox pair in biological oxidation and reduction. Catabolic and anabolic reactions. Respiratory chain.5.1 Chemical redox processes · High Yield · 5.2 Redox potential · High Yield11 min · 28 cards
8. Coordination compounds – definition, classification, structure, naming. Stability constant.6.1 Complex compounds6 min · 20 cards
9. Chelates. Chelates formed with polyols, hydroxycarboxylic acids, amino acids, polypeptides and proteins. Chelates with protoporphyrins – hemoglobin, chlorophyll, cytochrome c, vitamin B12.6.1 Complex compounds6 min · 20 cards
10. Alcohols and phenols – classification, isomerism. Chemical properties – acid base properties, esterification, oxidation of alcohols and phenols. Reactions of the aromatic ring, dehydration, formation of chelates. Biological oxidation of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1,2-ethandiol, glycerol). Esters of phosphoric acid and esters of nitric acid – biological significance. Thioalcohols - definition and chemical properties. Coenzyme A, thioesters.8.1 Alcohols and phenols · High Yield9 min · 24 cards
11. Carbonyl compounds – aldehydes and ketones. Chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones – nucleophile addition reactions, addition- elimination reactions, reactivity of α -carbon atom (tautomerism, aldol reaction). Cnnizzaro reaction, oxidation of carbonyl compounds. Substitution reactions. Biologically active substances with quinone structure - coenzyme Q, K vitamins. Glycerolaldehyde, 11-cis retinal. Ketone bodies.10.1 Aldehydes and ketones · High Yield · 10.2 Aldehydes and Ketones 211 min · 33 cards
12. Carboxylic acids-classification. Chemical properties of aliphatic and aromatic mono-carboxylic acids. Biological oxidation of long chain carboxylic acids (β -oxidation).11.1 Mono carboxylic acids · High Yield9 min · 15 cards
13. Saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids – properties: oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid. Fumaric acid and maleic acid-isomerism and significance in metabolism.11.3 Saturated dicarboxylic acids · High Yield · 11.2 Unsaturated mono carboxylic acids11 min · 31 cards
14. Hydroxycarboxilic acids and ketocarboxylic acids – overview. Isomerism, chemical reactions. Important compounds of this group and their biological significance – lactic acid, salicylic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid; pyruvic acid, acetoacetic acid, oxaloacetic acid, α -ketoglutaric acid.11.4 Hydroxycarboxylic acids (aliphatic and aromatic acids). · 11.5 Oxo carboxylic acids11 min · 28 cards
15. Amines-definition, structure and chemical properties. Sulfonamides. Biogenic amines GABA, histamine, serotonin, catecholamines: dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline. Derivatives of carbonic acid-urea, guanidine, creatine.9.1 Amines · High Yield · 9.2 Biogenic amines12 min · 29 cards
16. α –Amino acids - classification. Chemical properties of α -amino acids. Chemical aspects of amino acid metabolism – deamination of α -amino acids; ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids.12.1 α-Amino acids6 min · 19 cards
17. Peptides and proteins – classification, structure, properties, functions. Peptide hormones – examples and functions.12.2 peptides and proteins · High Yield · 12.3 Structural organisation of proteins10 min · 35 cards
18. Biocatalysts – definition and structure of enzymes. Classification of the enzymes. Factors affecting enzyme activity – temperature, pH; influence of substrate concentration on the rate of enzymatic reaction – Michaelis-Menten constant. Zymogenes and isoenzymes. Specificity and regulation of enzyme activity - competitive and irreversible inhibitors.7. Characteristics of Enzymes · 8. Enzyme Kinetics · 9.Effect of pH and Temperature on Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions14 min · 30 cards
19. Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides – structure, isomerism and chemical properties. Examples of aldoses and ketoses. Cyclic forms of monosaccharides. Glycolysis – basic concept. Disaccharides and polysaccharides – examples and some functions.13.2 Chemical properties of monosaccharides5 min · 15 cards
20. Classification of lipids. Hydrolyzable lipids-examples. Chemical aspects of biological oxidation of fats and oils. Phospholipids – types and biological significance.16.1. Lipids10 min · 21 cards
21. Classification of lipids. Non-hydrolyzable lipids. Terpenes and steroids. Examples of biologically significancant compounds: β -carotene, retinol (vitamin A). Retinal – visual perception in humans. Cholesterol and D group vitamins. Sex hormones. Bile acids.16.2 Isoprene and isoprenoid lipids. · 16.3 Isoprenoid lipids8 min · 39 cards
22. Heterocyclic compounds-classification. Five-membered heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom– furan, thiophene, and pyrrole – structures, reactions. Biologically active substances containing pyrrole ring.14.1 Heterocyclic compounds with one heteroatom7 min · 15 cards
23. Five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two hetero atoms - pyrazole, imidazole and thiazole -structures. Biologically active derivatives of the above mentioned compounds.14.3 Heterocyclic compounds with two nitrogen atoms.5 min · 23 cards
24. Six-membered heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom (pyridine, pyran, thiopyran): structure. + Biologically active substances containing pyidine ring NAD, vitamin B6, niacin, medicines and alkaloids; vitamin E.14.2 Heterocyclic compounds with one heteroatom · High Yield6 min · 23 cards
25. Pyrimidine, piridazine, pirazine-structure. Biologically active substances with pyrimidine ring – pyrimidine bases, nucleotides, medicines, vitamins and enzymes.14.3 Heterocyclic compounds with two nitrogen atoms.5 min · 23 cards
26. Heterocyclic compounds with fused rings. Indole and some of its derivatives – structure and functions. Purine and its derivatives – purine bases, uric acid (tautomers), caffeine, theobromine -structure. Biological activity of purine and its derivatives. Nucleic acids – structure (nucleosides and nucleotides).Being written

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