Медицина · 3 и 4 курс · МУ Пловдив

Патологична анатомия и цитопатология

Целият конспект на МУ Пловдив по Патологична анатомия и цитопатология, медицина, 3 и 4 курс: 163 теми, 130 теми с безплатна записка (7 часа четене), и 2264 флашкарти. Обновено на 10 ноември 2026 г.

теми в конспекта: 163
безплатни записки: 130
флашкарти: 2264
четене: 7 ч

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Конспект

Темите в реда на конспекта на МУ Пловдив. Всяка тема със записка се отваря в AceMed, щом влезеш в профила си.

General pathology (3rd-year exam) 63 теми

1. Subject, tasks and methods of pathology.1. General and Special Pathology objectives. Basic terminology, purpose, tasks, methods.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
2. Health and disease. Main categories in pathology (etiology, pathogenesis, Morphogenesis, sanogenesis, tanatogenesis).Подготвя се
3. Death: Clinical and biological. Signs of biological death.Подготвя се
4. Cell injury.Definition. Categories of cellular injury. Causal factors. Pathogenetic and morphogenetic mechanisms.2. Cellular injury; common causes and mechanisms.2 мин · 12 флашкарти
5. Cellular injury. Types of degeneration. Acute reversible cellular damage (cellular swelling). Hydropic degeneration.3. Reversible cell injury due to compromised ionic transfer (cellular swelling): granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, hydropic change.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
6. Abnormal accumulation of substances in the cell. Mechanisms. Accumulation of protein (hyaline-drop degeneration, Lewy and Mallory bodies; Russel bodies) and carbohydrates. Methods of proof.Подготвя се
7. Disorders of the metabolism of lipids. Types of adipose degeneration. Accumulation of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Methods of proof. Total obesity. Lipomatosis. Cachexia.4. Lipid accumulations in parenchymal and stromal cells. Lipid phagocytosis.2 мин · 9 флашкарти
8. Lysosomal diseases (tesaurismoses) - features. Lipidoses (Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sacks, disease, Hand-Schuller-Christian) and glycogenoses.5. Complex lipid accumulations: lipidoses.1 мин · 11 флашкарти
9. Disturbances in the metabolism of the pigments. Classification. Accumulation of exogenous pigments.9. Exogenous pigments – types, organ sites.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
10. Accumulations of iron -containing pigments (hemoglobinogenic).7. Hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations. Hemosiderosis. Types of jaundice.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
11. Accumulation of iron-free hemoglobinogenic pigments. Jaundice.7. Hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations. Hemosiderosis. Types of jaundice.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
12. Disturbances in the metabolism and accumulation of proteinogenic (tyrosine, tryptophan) and lipidogenic native pigments.8. Non-hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations: melanin, lipofuscin.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
13. Abnormal accumulation of substances in the extracellular matrix Mucoid edema. Fibrinoid. Hialinosis - types. Accumulation of fibrillary substances in the interstitium: scarring, fibrosis (sclerosis) and cirrhosis.10. Extracellular accumulations: hyalinosis; fibrinoid swelling. · 13. Metabolic and structural abnormalities of collagen, elastin and proteoglycans. Mucopolysaccharidoses.8 мин · 30 флашкарти
14. Amyloidosis. Common physical and chemical characteristics. Classification. Types according to their composition. Methods of proof.11. Extracellular accumulations: amyloidosis. Types of amyloidosis, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross organ pathomorphology. Histochemical staining methods.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
15. Types of amyloidosis depending on cause and spread of the process. Organ deposits. Diagnosis.11. Extracellular accumulations: amyloidosis. Types of amyloidosis, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross organ pathomorphology. Histochemical staining methods.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
16. Disturbances in the metabolism of calcium and copper. Abnormal accumulation of salts of the uric acid.12. Extracellular accumulations of calcium and uric acid salts.1 мин · 11 флашкарти
17. Cell death. Necrobiosis. Necrosis: definition, types (coagulation and kaseous; liquefactive), nuclear and cytoplasmic morphological changes.14. Irreversible cell injury – cell death. Types of necrosis; microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Apoptosis.8 мин · 15 флашкарти
18. Clinical and anatomical forms of necrosis (infarction, gangrene, decubitus, sequesters, mutilation, steatonecrosis, fibrinoid necrosis, ‘noma’). Evolution and complications.15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 16. Clinico-anatomical types of necrosis: gangrene, decubitus, sequestration.4 мин · 31 флашкарти
19. Apoptosis. Definition, differences between apoptosis and necrosis. Role of apoptosis.Подготвя се
20. Hemodynamic disorders: an overview, local and general hemodynamic disorders. Changes in the amount of blood. Arterial hyperemia.18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
21. Venous plethora (congestion). Acute and chronic left heart failure - morphological changes.18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
22. Venous plethora. Acute and chronic right heart failure - morphological changes. Local venous plethora.18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
23. Ischemia: definition, types, complications.Подготвя се
24. Bleeding and bleedingdisorders. Plasmoraghia. Terminology, mechanisms, outcome.17. Hemorrhages – types, pathogenesis; denomination according to organ site.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
25. Rheological disorders: prestasis, stasis, ‘sludge’ -phenomenon.Подготвя се
26. Thrombosis. Order and Morphogenesis. Structure of thrombi. Difference between the thrombus and post-mortem blood clot.20. Thrombosis. Pathogenesis, thrombus morphology, types. Outcome of thrombosis.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
27. Thrombosis. Types of blood clots, complications and evolution. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC syndrome).19. Systemic hemodynamic disorders – peripheral tissue hypoperfusion (shock). DIC syndrome. · 20. Thrombosis. Pathogenesis, thrombus morphology, types. Outcome of thrombosis.7 мин · 31 флашкарти
28. Embolism. Definition. Types of embolism by the way of their distribution: venous and arterial, orthograde, retrograde and paradoxical embolism.21. Embolism – arterial and venous; types, sites of origin, target organs.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
29. Pulmonary thromboembolism: cause, proof, complications and outcomes.Подготвя се
30. Types of embolism, according to the substrate: air, gas, fat, amnial, bacterial, parasitic, tumor cell. Comparison between embolism and metastasis.21. Embolism – arterial and venous; types, sites of origin, target organs.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
31. Infarction. Definition. Types. Morphological characteristics of anemic infarction.15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
32. Infarction. Definition. Types. Morphogenesis of hemorrhagic infarctions. Types of hemorrhagic infarctions.15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
33. Shock. Definition, pathogenetic types and organ morphological changes.19. Systemic hemodynamic disorders – peripheral tissue hypoperfusion (shock). DIC syndrome.5 мин · 16 флашкарти
34. Disorders of lymph circulation: terminology and complications. Quantitative changes of tissue fluid. Oedema: definition, types. Pulmonary and cerebral edema. Dehydration.22. Edema – types, pathogenesis and pathomorphology according to organ site.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
35. Inflammation. Definition. Terminology. Main features. Etiologic factors.23. Inflammation. Definition, etiology, pathogenesis, types.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
36. Inflammation. Phases of inflammatory reaction. Pathogenesis and morphogenesis of inflammation. Plasma and cellular mediators.23. Inflammation. Definition, etiology, pathogenesis, types. · 24. Inflammation. Inflammatory mediators.6 мин · 28 флашкарти
37. Morphogenesis of acute ( exudative ) inflammation.Hemodynamic changes in microcirculation. Leukocyte migration and phagocytosis.25. Acute inflammation. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation, types of inflammatory cells, tissue alterations.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
38. Cell types in the outbreak of acute and chronic inflammation.Подготвя се
39. Exudative inflammation. Morphology, complications and outcomes.25. Acute inflammation. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation, types of inflammatory cells, tissue alterations.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
40. Productive inflammation: forms and morphological characteristics of diffuse productive inflammation.26. Chronic inflammation. Etiology, types, morphology.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
41. Nonspecific and specific productive – ‘granulomatous’ inflammation. Morphology of foreign body granuloma, tubercle, luetic ‘gumma’, granulomas in leprosy and sarcoidosis, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, rhinoscleroma.26. Chronic inflammation. Etiology, types, morphology. · 27. Specific inflammation in rheumatism, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis. Histological characteristics of granulomas.4 мин · 28 флашкарти
42. Pathology of immunity. Hypersensitivity reactions. Anaphylactic cytotoxic type immune reactions (first and second type reactions).29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 мин · 14 флашкарти
43. Pathology of immunity. Hypersensitivity reactions. Immune complexes reactions. Delayed type hypersensitivity (third and fourth type reactions).29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 мин · 14 флашкарти
44. Pathology of immunity - types. Autoimmune diseases. Congenital syndromes and acquired immune deficiency.29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 мин · 14 флашкарти
45. Adaptivey processes: hypertrophy and hyperplasia, atrophy - definition, types, morphological characteristics.33. Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 34. Adaptations: atrophy. Types of atrophy. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 28 флашкарти
46. Metaplasia - definition, types, morphological characteristics, complications.33. Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
47. Regeneration. Restitution and substitution. Factors affecting recovery processes. Wound healing. Regeneration of bone tissue.31. Regeneration and repair: types of physiologic renewal and posttraumatic repair in different cells and organs. · 32. Regeneration and repair: wound and bone healing. Stages of the reparative process.4 мин · 27 флашкарти
48. Tumors: definition, incidence and prevalence. Biology of tumor growth ( irreversibility, relative autonomy, tumor impact on the whole body).35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature. · 36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.6 мин · 30 флашкарти
49. Tumors: Terminology. Classification. Tumor structure.35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
50. Etiology of tumors. Chemical, physical, genetic and viral carcinogenesis. Role of growth factors.35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
51. Morphogenesis of tumors. Monocentric and multicentric theories for their emergence. Proliferating and non-proliferating tumor fractions. Biological basis of invasion of malignant tumors. Metastasis.36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
52. Morphological characteristics of tumors. Differences between benign and malignant tumors. Tissue and cellular atypia.36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
53. Precancerous. Dysplasia. Carcinoma in situ.36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
54. Metastasis of tumors.Подготвя се
55. Degree of differentiation and staging in the development of tumors. TNM -system.Подготвя се
56. Structure and shape of tumors - macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Role of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of tumors.Подготвя се
57. Benign tumors of epithelial origin.Подготвя се
58. Malignant tumors of epithelial origin.Подготвя се
59. Benign soft tissue tumors.37. Connective tissue benign & malignant neoplasms. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 12 флашкарти
60. Malignant soft tissue tumors.37. Connective tissue benign & malignant neoplasms. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 12 флашкарти
61. Tumors of the central nervous system - general features, classification, basic representatives.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
62. Tumors of the nerve sheath. Tumors of the meninges.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
63. Tumors and tumor -like entities of melanocytes. Teratomas.41. Benign & malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 42. Teratogenous neoplasms – teratomas and teratocarcinomas. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 28 флашкарти

Clinical pathology (4th-year exam) 100 теми

1. Atherosclerosis. Risk factors. Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis.47. Atherosclerosis. Etiology, pathogenesis and general characteristics of atherosclerotic vessel alterations.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
2. Atherosclerosis. Stages. Organ damage.48. Atherosclerosis. Types of atherosclerotic microscopic & gross pathomorphological changes. Organ site damage in atherosclerosis. Complications.2 мин · 12 флашкарти
3. Hypertension: types, etiology and pathogenesis.51. Systemic arterial hypertension: vascular and organ-specific pathomorphological changes.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
4. Morphogenesis of vascular lesions in benign and malignant hypertension, organ damage.51. Systemic arterial hypertension: vascular and organ-specific pathomorphological changes.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
5. Pulmonary hypertension - primary and secondary. Acute and chronic pulmonary heart.52. Pulmonary hypertension. Etiology, types. Cor pulmonale. Right ventricle and pulmonary vessel microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
6. Ischemic heart disease. Morphogenesis, classification, forms of angina. Sudden cardiac death.50. Chronic ischemic heart disease: pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology; systemic and organ-specific manifestations.1 мин · 8 флашкарти
7. Myocardial infarction. Risk factors. Species. Evolution and complications.49. Ischemic heart disease: myocardial infarction. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Stages, complications, outcomes.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
8. Systemic connective tissue disease - a common feature. Rheumatism: definition, etiology and pathogenesis, major events.Подготвя се
9. Rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic endocarditis, morphological stagies. Rheumatic myocarditis and pericarditis.Подготвя се
10. Rheumatic valvular defects: morphological characteristics, hemodynamic disorders and organ complications.54. Valvular heart disease: classification, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.9 мин · 16 флашкарти
11. Infective endocarditis - acute and subacute: etiology, pathogenesis, morphology and complications.53. Endocarditis: classification, etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology. Infective endocarditis – acute and subacute forms.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
12. Non-infectious endocarditis: Libman-Sachs endocarditis, mitral valve prolapse, degenerative calcification of aortic valve endocarditis, marantic type. Cardiomyopathy: dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive.53. Endocarditis: classification, etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology. Infective endocarditis – acute and subacute forms.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
13. Myocarditis - infectious and noninfectious.55. Myocarditis: classification, pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
14. Diseases of the pericardium: pericarditis and pericardial effusion.56. Pericarditis: etiology. Pathomorphological types.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
15. Congenital heart defects: septal defects and inter - ventricular septa, persistent ductus Botali, coarctation of the aorta Congenital transposition of the trunk vessels.45. Embryopathies. Cardiovascular system malformations.2 мин · 12 флашкарти
16. Systemic lupus erythematodes: definition, etiology and pathogenesis, morphological amendments.59. Systemic connective tissue diseases. Lupus erythematosus. Polyarteritis nodosa.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
17. Rheumatoid arthritis: definition, pathogenesis, Morphogenesis of articular lesions skin and vascular changes, clinical course.60. Systemic connective tissue diseases – rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).3 мин · 13 флашкарти
18. Systemic sclerosis. Dermatomyositis. Polymyositis. Sjogren syndrome.60. Systemic connective tissue diseases – rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).3 мин · 13 флашкарти
19. Vasculitis. Temporal arteritis. Arteritis Takayasu. Polyarteritis nodosa.58. Vasculitis: classification, pathomorphology. Types of aneurysms. · 59. Systemic connective tissue diseases. Lupus erythematosus. Polyarteritis nodosa.6 мин · 28 флашкарти
20. Local vasculitis: infectious arteritis, Raynaud (trombangiitis obliterans) syndrome..58. Vasculitis: classification, pathomorphology. Types of aneurysms.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
21. Aneurysms. Dissection of the aorta. Varices, phlebotrombosis and thrombophlebitis.Подготвя се
22. Inflammatory diseases and tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Tumors of larynx.Подготвя се
23. Inflammatory diseases of the trachea and bronchi: acute tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Chronic bronchitis. Bronchiectasis.61. Bronchitis – acute and chronic. Bronchiolitis. Pathomorphology.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
24. Pneumonia: definition and overview. Lobar pneumonia: definition etiology, Morphogenesis, morphological stages, complications and outcomes.63. Lobar (croupous) pneumonia. Stages of development. Complications.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
25. Focal pneumonia: definition, etiology, pathogenesis, morphological features. Interstitial, and chronic viral pneumonia.64. Lobular pneumonia. Etiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology. · 65. Interstitial and viral pneumonia. Etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 24 флашкарти
26. Abscess and gangrene of the lung. Atelectasis.Подготвя се
27. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary emphysema: a definition Classification, complications.67. Pulmonary emphysema: classification, etiology, pathogenesis. Chronic obstructive diffuse emphysema. · 68. Pulmonary emphysema: acute, compensatory, focal, interstitial and senile emphysema. · 69. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinico-pathological forms. Pathomorphological changes in the lungs and heart.4 мин · 37 флашкарти
28. Bronchial asthma. Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis.71. Hypersensitive pulmonary diseases. Bronchial asthma. Eosinophilic pneumonia. Allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).3 мин · 16 флашкарти
29. Pneumoconiosis - an overview. Silicosis: forms and complications.72. Pneumoconioses. Etiology, pathogenesis, types, pathomorphological forms, complications.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
30. Lung cancer: incidence and prevalence, etiology, Morphogenesis, morphology. Metastasis. Complications.73. Primary tumors of the lung and pleura – benign & malignant. Histological and macroscopic forms.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
31. Pleurisy and tumors of the pleura.Подготвя се
32. Inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Stomatitis, glossitis and angina: Complications of streptococcal infections.Подготвя се
33. Diseases of teeth and soft tissue apparatus: caries, pulpitis, periodontitis, radicular cyst, periodontal disease.Подготвя се
34. Tumors of the jaw bone and tumor-like processes of the soft tissues of oral cavity. Epulis.Подготвя се
35. Sialoadenitis and tumors of salivary glands.Подготвя се
36. Diseases of the esophagus: -hiatus hernia, diverticula, esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus.74. Diseases of esophagus: esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, diverticulae, hiatal hernia. Esophageal tumors – benign & malignant.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
37. Tumors of the esophagus.Подготвя се
38. Acute and chronic gastritis. Etiology, Morphogenesis, clinical and morphological forms complications.75. Acute and chronic gastritis – etiology, pathogenesis, types; microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
39. Acute and chronic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Definition etiology, pathogenesis and Morphogenesis. Morphological picture.76. Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer – etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology, complications.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
40. Chronic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Complications.76. Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer – etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology, complications.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
41. Benign tumors of the stomach–epithelial and mesenchymal. Early cancer stomach–morphology.77. Benign gastric tumors – of epithelial and mesenchyme origin. Stromal tumors – GIST.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
42. Malignant tumors of the stomach. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification,morphological characteristics, metastasis.78. Gastric carcinoma: etiology and pathogenesis. Precancer. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Clinico-morphological methods of early diagnostics.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
43. Inflammatory bowel disease: acute and chronic enteritis. Acute and chronic non-specific colitis. Ulcerative colitis. Crohn’s disease.79. Chronic enterocolitis – types. Ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, Whipple disease. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
44. Benign and malignant tumors of the colon.84. Benign tumors and carcinoma of the colon. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Role of fibrocolonoscopy in early diagnostics.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
45. Bowel obstruction. Peritonitis.80. Intestinal obstruction (ileus) – types. Mesenteric thrombosis. Complications. · 81. Peritonitis – etiology, pathomorphologic forms according to the types of inflammation.2 мин · 26 флашкарти
46. Acute appendicitis - morphology and complications. Tumors of the appendix.83. Appendicitis – types according to etiology, pathogenesis and forms of inflammation. Tumors of the appendix – epithelial, neuroendocrine.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
47. Acute viral hepatitis: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological and biological features of hepatitis A, B and C.86. Acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Basic morphologic classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
48. Chronic hepatitis: etiology, classification, clinical and morphological forms of evolution.86. Acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Basic morphologic classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
49. Toxic hepatitis. Acute toxic degeneration of the liver.Подготвя се
50. Liver cirrhosis: definition, etiology, classification. Morphogenesis.87. Liver cirrhosis – definition, classification, progression. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
51. Liver cirrhosis: basic morphological types. Complications.87. Liver cirrhosis – definition, classification, progression. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 88. Portal hypertension – pathogenesis, vascular and organ-specific manifestations, complications.3 мин · 28 флашкарти
52. Cholecystitis: etiology, types, morphological characteristics, complications. Cholelithiasis.90. Acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis. Liver abscess. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 91. Cholelithiasis. Types of stones. Complications. Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.4 мин · 30 флашкарти
53. Tumors of the liver, bile duct and gallbladder.89. Primal hepatic carcinoma – hepatocellular/cholangiocellular. Etiology & pathogenesis. Secondary (metastatic) liver tumors. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology; differential diagnosis. · 91. Cholelithiasis. Types of stones. Complications. Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.3 мин · 28 флашкарти
54. Inflammatory diseases and tumors of the exocrine pancreas.92. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis, hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. · 93. Tumors of exocrine and endocrine pancreas.6 мин · 31 флашкарти
55. Anemia: definition, etiology, classification. Acute and chronic posthemorrhagic anemia.Подготвя се
56. Pernicious, foil acid, and iron deficiency anemia. Aplastic anemia. Idiopatic thrombocytopenia.99. Primal diseases of bone marrow – hemolytic and iron deficiency anemias. Etiology, pathogenesis & pathomorphologic characteristics of target organs. · 100. Primal diseases of bone marrow – megaloblastic and pernicious anemias. Etiology, pathogenesis & pathomorphologic characteristics of target organs.5 мин · 26 флашкарти
57. Myelogenous malignancies. Acute myelogenous leukosis (leukemia). Chronic myelogenous leukosis.101. Acute and chronic leukemia. Pathomorphology of target organs: bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
58. Hyperplastic and inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes: chronic nonspecific and granulomatous lymphadenitis.103. Lymphadenitis. Types of lymphadenitis according to histological characteristics.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
59. Malignancy of lymphoid tissue. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (small lymphocytic lymphoma).101. Acute and chronic leukemia. Pathomorphology of target organs: bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes. · 102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.5 мин · 29 флашкарти
60. Myeloma disease. Solitary myeloma (plasmacytoma).Подготвя се
61. General characteristics and classification approach for Non - Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas.102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
62. Hodgkin’s disease: etiology and pathogenesis, classification, prognosis.102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
63. Primary glomerulopathy (glomerulonephritis). Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis. Diagnostic approach.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
64. Glomerulonephritis occurring with nephritic syndrome: diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Rapidly progressive (‘crescentic’) glomerulonephritis. Goodpasture pulmonary-renal syndrome.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
65. Glomerulonephritis occurring with nephrotic syndrome: minimal disease changes, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
66. Glomerulonephritis occurring with nephrotic syndrome: IgA -nephropathy and Membranous nephropathy. Diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis.94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
67. Acute and chronic pyelonephritis: etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, complications.95. Inflammatory tubulointerstitial renal diseases – acute and chronic pyelonephritis.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
68. Acute renal failure. Ischemic and nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis.96. Nephrocirrhosis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Renal failure.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
69. Nephrolithiasis. Etiology. Types of concretion. Complications. Polycystic kidney.97. Urolithiasis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Types of stones. Clinico-morphological characteristics. Complications.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
70. Nephrosclerosis: classification approach macroscopic characteristic. Morphology chronic renal failure.96. Nephrocirrhosis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Renal failure.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
71. Tumors of the kidney and bladder.Подготвя се
72. Diseases of the cervix. Precancerous conditions (CPC). Carcinoma in situ. Microinvasive, invasive squamous and adeno-carcinoma. Morphological diagnosis. Prognosis.107. Precancer of the uterine cervix. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Importance of early diagnostic methods – cytology, histology. · 108. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Etiology, pathogenesis, types, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.3 мин · 24 флашкарти
73. Chronic endometritis, endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, etiology, morphology.Подготвя се
74. Benign and malignant tumors of the uterine body.106. Uterine body carcinoma. Etiology & pathogenesis. Precancer. Histological classification.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
75. Ovarian tumors: classification, key representatives biological characteristics. Metastatic ovarian tumors.109. Ovarian epithelial tumors – benign & malignant. Germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors. Classification.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
76. Abortion and ectopic pregnancy: cause, morphology, complications.Подготвя се
77. Molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma. Postnatal sepsis.Подготвя се
78. Inflammatory and fibrotic cystic changes of the breast.110. Fibrocystic breast disease. Benign tumors: epithelial and mixed.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
79. Benign and malignant breast tumors: morphology and staging.110. Fibrocystic breast disease. Benign tumors: epithelial and mixed. · 111. Breast carcinoma. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinico-morphological types and histological variants.4 мин · 31 флашкарти
80. Tumors of the testis and epididymis.105. Inflammatory diseases of the testis. Testicular tumors - types according to histological classification and origin.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
81. Hyperplasia and tumors of the prostate gland. Complications.104. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic carcinoma.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
82. Tumors of the anterior pituitary. Hyperpituitarism: Acromegaly. Gigantism. Cushing disease. Hypopituitarism: dwarfism. Sheehan syndrome Adiposo-genital dystrophy. Diabetes insipidus. Craniopharingeoma.114. Pituitary gland diseases: acromegaly, hypercortisolism (Iscenco Cushing syndrome), hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ-site pathomorphology.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
83. Hyperplastic thyroid disease. Hyper -and hypothyroidism.115. Thyroid epithelial hyperplasia. Hypothyroidism. Myxedema. · 116. Hyperthyroidism. Graves-Basedow's disease (toxic diffuse goiter).4 мин · 30 флашкарти
84. Hashimoto: etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics.117. Thyroiditis – types, pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
85. Tumors of the thyroid gland.118. Neoplasms of the thyroid: classification, pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
86. Diseases of parathyroid glands. Hyper -and hypoparathyroidism.119. Hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ-site alterations. Tumors of parathyroid glands.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
87. Diseases of the adrenal gland: chronic and acute adrenal failure. Adrenal tumors.122. Acute and chronic suprarenal insufficiency. Etiology, pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlations. · 123. Suprarenal gland tumors – primal and secondary.4 мин · 28 флашкарти
88. Diabetes mellitus. Tumors of the endocrine pancreas.120. Diabetes mellitus. Etiology & pathogenesis. Pathomorphology of organ-site alterations. Complications. · 121. Endocrine pancreas neoplasia. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.4 мин · 27 флашкарти
89. Serous viral meningitis. Viral polioentcephalitis. Demyelinating encephalomyelitis and neuropathy.124. Inflammatory diseases of Central nervous system. Meningitis, encephalitis – types according to etiology and pathomorphology. · 126. Demyelinating diseases of Central nervous system.5 мин · 32 флашкарти
90. Bacterial meningitis and meningoencephalitis: epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, purulent non-meningococcal leptomeningitis, tuberculous meningitis and menigoencephalitis.124. Inflammatory diseases of Central nervous system. Meningitis, encephalitis – types according to etiology and pathomorphology.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
91. Astroglial tumors – types. Glioblastoma multiforme. Morphological and biological characteristic.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
92. Tumors of ependimal glia and plexus chorioideus. Medulloblastoma. Morphological and biological characteristic.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
93. Tumors of the meninges and shwan cells. Types. Morphological and biological characteristic.127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
94. Hydrocephaly: definition, etiology, pathogenesis, classification.Подготвя се
95. Tuberculosis: general characteristics and classification. Primary tuberculosis.135. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Primary TB complex morphology. Complications. Progressive hematogenous tuberculosis – generalized or pulmonary.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
96. Hematogenic tuberculosis. Secondary tuberculosis. Types. Complications.136. Secondary pulmonary tuberculosis – classification, organ site damage. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
97. Acquired syphilis: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis. Primary, secondary and tertiary lues. Neurolues. Congenital syphilis.137. Acquired and congenital syphilis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Stages of development. Primary syphilitic lesion. Organ site damage. · 138. Tertiary syphilis. Pathomorphology of syphilitic specific inflammation (gumma). Visceral changes. Neurosyphilis.4 мин · 25 флашкарти
98. Sepsis.134. Sepsis. Septicemia. Septicopyemia. Chroniosepsis. Organ damage characteristics.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
99. AIDS.133. AIDS – etiology, pathogenesis, organ site damage, pathomorphological features. Complications.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
100. Principles of construction and comparison of clinical and pathological diagnosis: diagnostic categories.Подготвя се

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