Defines biogenic amines as low-molecular-weight organic bases formed from amino acids, then sorts them into catecholamines and other examples such as histamine and serotonin. It goes on to monoamines built from phenylalanine, naming amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylphenidate, and covers catecholamine roles in neurotransmission and the stress response. It closes with polyamines, amino alcohols such as ethanolamine, choline and sphingosine, and acetylcholine's synthesis.
Topic 23 of 42 in the MU Sofia syllabus for Chemistry (Dental Medicine, Year 1). The free AceMed note covers it in 6 sections, about 388 words (3 min of reading), with 9 flashcards.
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Biogenic amines - definition and classification.
Monoamines derived from 2-phenylethylamine
catecholamines. Medicinal substances derived from 2-phenylethylamine.
Definition: Biogenic amines are organic bases with low molecular weight containing one or more amine groups. They are synthesized by various organisms, including plants (through decarboxylation of amino acids), microbes, and animals.
They are nonvolatile organic bases that are derived from protein as a result of decomposition processes and microbial decarboxylation of amino acids.
Classifications:
Catecholamines:
Dopamine (neurotransmitter in the brain)
Norepinephrine (neurotransmitter in the brain)
Epinephrine (neurotransmitter and hormone)
Other Biogenic Amines: (Examples, not an exhaustive list)
Histamine (involved in allergic reactions)
Serotonin (neurotransmitter and hormone)
Melatonin (hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles)
Tryptamine (neurotransmitter and precursor to other biogenic amines)
Monoamines derived from 2-phenylethylamine
Definition: Monoamines are a subclass of biogenic amines characterized by the presence of a single amine group directly linked to an aromatic ring. They are biosynthesized from the amino acid L-phenylalanine through decarboxylation.
Classifications:
Phenethylamines:
Amphetamine: A stimulant drug used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Methamphetamine: A highly addictive and illegal stimulant drug.
Methylphenidate (MPH): A stimulant medication primarily used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
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