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  2. Университети
  3. МУ Пловдив
  4. Медицина
  5. 3 курс
  6. Хигиена и екология

Медицина · 3 курс · МУ Пловдив

Хигиена и екология

Целият конспект на МУ Пловдив по Хигиена и екология, медицина, 3 курс: 120 теми, 76 теми с безплатна записка (2 часа четене), и 1160 флашкарти. Обновено на 10 ноември 2026 г.

теми в конспекта
120
безплатни записки
76
флашкарти
1160
четене
2 ч
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Конспект

Темите в реда на конспекта на МУ Пловдив. Всяка тема със записка се отваря в AceMed, щом влезеш в профила си.

Theoretical part 90 теми

  1. 1. Hygiene as a main prophylactic medical science – subject, aim, tasks, branches, methods.1. Hygiene and Ecology – subject, goals, tasks, methodology, and methods. Applied ecology and environmental protection.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  2. 2. Atmosphere – importance and structure. Air composition.2. Structure and composition of the atmosphere. Air pollution. Self-purification.5 мин · 14 флашкарти
  3. 3. Air pollutants (classification, sources) and their health effects. Winter and summer smog – characteristic and health importance. Prevention of air pollution.2. Structure and composition of the atmosphere. Air pollution. Self-purification.5 мин · 14 флашкарти
  4. 4. Hygiene characteristic of physical factors of the atmosphere.3. Physical factors of the atmosphere and their combined effects on the human body. Thermoregulation and prevention of thermal discomfort.1 мин · 12 флашкарти
  5. 5. Climate and weather. Diseases dependent on meteorological factors. Acclimatization.4. Impact of the weather and climate on public health. Acclimatization. Climate prevention and climatotherapy.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
  6. 6. Importance of water as a major element of the biosphere. Waterborne diseases.7. Water – hygienic, health, and ecological significance. Hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  7. 7. Hygiene requirements to drinking water quality.7. Water – hygienic, health, and ecological significance. Hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  8. 8. Hygiene requirements to water distribution – water supply sources and systems of water distribution. Drinking water safeguard zones.6. Water supply in settlements. Hygienic characteristics of water sources and supply systems. Sanitary and hygienic protection of water sources.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
  9. 9. Water purification and disinfection.8. Hygienic evaluation of water purification and disinfection methods. Water pollution and selfpurification.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
  10. 10. Hygiene of soil. Soil structure, physical characteristic, and chemical content. Microorganisms and protozoa in the soil. Soil pollution and health effects. Waste management.9. Hygienic significance of the mechanical structure, physical properties and chemical composition of soil for public health. Pollution, self-purification, and sanitary and hygienic protection of soils.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
  11. 11. Hygiene characteristics of living conditions in the areas. Hygiene requirements to the planning and building in the areas. Urban greening and public health. Noise in urban areas – definition, sources, health effects, prevention, and control. Urbanization.11. Hygienic requirements for urban planning, construction and landscaping of settlements. Prevention of chemical, dust, and noise pollution.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  12. 12. Hygiene characteristics of the housing conditions. Health effects related to hygiene conditions of the houses.12. Household hygiene. Factors of the residential environment.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  13. 13. Hospital hygiene. General hygiene requirements for healthcare facilities. Medical wastes management.14. Healthcare facilities. Basic hygienic requirements for their planning and layout. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  14. 14. Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections – epidemiology, prevention.15. Hygienic standards and requirements for specialized healthcare institutions. Nosocomial infections.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  15. 15. Hygiene requirements to hospitals (clinics) with high epidemiological risk – infectious diseases hospitals (clinics) and those for treatment of tuberculosis.Подготвя се
  16. 16. Hygiene requirements to hospitals (clinics) with high epidemiological risk – children’s hospitals (clinics), psychiatric hospitals.Подготвя се
  17. 17. Hygiene requirements to hospitals (clinics) with high epidemiological risk – operating theatre (room), hospitals (clinics) for delivery and gynaecological diseases.Подготвя се
  18. 18. Healthy lifestyle. Conditioning and physical activity as the elements of the healthy lifestyle.17. Hygienic foundations of a healthy lifestyle. Prevention of conditions and diseases caused by abuse of alcohol, medications, smoking and other harmful habits.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  19. 19. Personal hygiene. Hygiene characteristics of washing means. Hygiene characteristics of dress materials and shoes.Подготвя се
  20. 20. Ionizing radiation – basic terminology, dose unites.19. Basic concepts, quantities and units in radiation protection. Sources of human exposure.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
  21. 21. Sources of ionizing radiation. Occupational and medical exposure.19. Basic concepts, quantities and units in radiation protection. Sources of human exposure.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
  22. 22. Biological effects of ionizing radiation.20. Biological effects of ionizing radiation. Hygienic problems related to the use of radioactive substances and sources of ionizing radiation in various industries.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
  23. 23. Risk and control of ionizing radiation (ionizing radiation monitoring). Main principles of protection.21. Principles of protection from external and internal exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiological protection of the population and personnel during medical procedures.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
  24. 24. Hygiene of nutrition. Proteins – physiological importance, sources and needs.23. Role and importance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in human nutrition. Dietary fibers.3 мин · 12 флашкарти
  25. 25. Fats – physiological importance, sources and needs.23. Role and importance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in human nutrition. Dietary fibers.3 мин · 12 флашкарти
  26. 26. Carbohydrates – physiological importance, sources and needs. Dietary fibre.23. Role and importance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in human nutrition. Dietary fibers.3 мин · 12 флашкарти
  27. 27. Vitamins – physiological importance, sources and needs.24. Role and importance of vitamins, minerals and microelements in human nutrition.2 мин · 11 флашкарти
  28. 28. Minerals – physiological importance, sources and needs.24. Role and importance of vitamins, minerals and microelements in human nutrition.2 мин · 11 флашкарти
  29. 29. Hygiene importance of milk and dairy products, eggs.27. Hygienic significance of milk, dairy products and eggs.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
  30. 30. Hygiene importance of meat, fish and their products.28. Importance of meat, fish and their products. Dietary fats. Assessment and hygienic requirements.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
  31. 31. Foods of vegetable origin – cereals, wheat, pulses (legumes) and nuts.29. Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts. Their importance in human nutrition. Confectionery products. · 30. Biological and hygienic characteristics of cereal foods and grain-based products.3 мин · 29 флашкарти
  32. 32. Foods of vegetable origin – vegetables and fruit.29. Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts. Their importance in human nutrition. Confectionery products.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
  33. 33. Sugar, sugar products and honey. Fats and oils. Alcohol. Beverages.Подготвя се
  34. 34. Genetically modified foods.32. Functional foods and beverages and additives (E-numbers). Genetically modified foods.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  35. 35. Food processing and preservation.31. Culinary processing and preservation of food products.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  36. 36. Healthy nutrition. Enteral and parenteral nutrition.38. Basic principles of therapeutic nutrition. Enteral and parenteral nutrition.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  37. 37. Principles of diet therapy.38. Basic principles of therapeutic nutrition. Enteral and parenteral nutrition.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  38. 38. Alternative nutrition.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
  39. 39. Nutrition of pregnant and lactating women.33. Nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
  40. 40. Nutrition of children.34. Nutrition of children and students.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  41. 41. Nutrition of schoolchildren.34. Nutrition of children and students.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  42. 42. Nutrition of people engaged in mental work.35. Nutrition of people engaged in mental work. Nutrition under stress.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  43. 43. Nutrition in sportsmen.37. Nutrition for athletes.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  44. 44. Nutrition in case of occupational hazards. Nutrition in case of stress.Подготвя се
  45. 45. Nutrition in elderly.36. Nutrition of elderly people (geriatric dietetics). Nutrition and osteoporosis.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  46. 46. Foodborne diseases resulting from biological food contamination. Prevention.41. Diseases from biologically contaminated foods. Foodborne toxicoinfections and intoxications. Mycotoxicoses.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  47. 47. Foodborne diseases resulting from chemical food contamination. Prevention.42. Diseases from chemically contaminated foods. Harmful impurities in food products.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  48. 48. Non-microbial food poisoning. Prevention.43. Non-microbial foodborne illnesses from plant and animal products. Diseases resulting from food hypersensitivity (food allergies). Food-drug interactions.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  49. 49. Diseases resulting from food hypersensitivity (“food allergy”). Drug-nutrient interactions.Подготвя се
  50. 50. Diseases resulting from irregular nutrition.44. Diseases caused by malnutrition. Eating disorders.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  51. 51. Dietary prevention of obesity.46. The role of nutrition in obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  52. 52. Dietary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.46. The role of nutrition in obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  53. 53. Dietary prevention of cancer.48. Nutrition and cancer.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  54. 54. Dietary prevention of diabetes.46. The role of nutrition in obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  55. 55. Dietary prevention of gout.Подготвя се
  56. 56. Dietary prevention of osteoporosis.Подготвя се
  57. 57. Occupational hygiene (medicine) – subject, aim, tasks. Work activity forms. Occupational hazards.49. Subject and tasks of the occupational health service. Occupational health and safety (OHS). Risk factors in the workplace. Classification of modern forms of labor.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  58. 58. Physiology of work. Changes in the body during work.Подготвя се
  59. 59. Work capacity, fatigue and exhaustion.52. Work capacity. Fatigue and overfatigue. Prevention.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  60. 60. Ergonomics – basic principles. Ergonomics in the use of video display.51. Ergonomic requirements for the workplace and work furniture – basic principles. · 58. Occupational hygiene in the work with video display terminals.2 мин · 27 флашкарти
  61. 61. Physical hazards in the workplace – industrial microclimate.55. Impact of adverse physical factors on the human body in the workplace (microclimate, atmospheric pressure, etc.). Prevention.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  62. 62. Physical hazards in the workplace – atmospheric pressure.55. Impact of adverse physical factors on the human body in the workplace (microclimate, atmospheric pressure, etc.). Prevention.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  63. 63. Physical hazards in the workplace – noise.56. Noise, ultrasound and infrasound in production, industrial vibrations – hygienic characteristics, biological effects, prevention.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  64. 64. Physical hazards in the workplace – occupational vibrations.56. Noise, ultrasound and infrasound in production, industrial vibrations – hygienic characteristics, biological effects, prevention.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  65. 65. Physical hazards in the workplace – ultrasound and infrasound56. Noise, ultrasound and infrasound in production, industrial vibrations – hygienic characteristics, biological effects, prevention.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  66. 66. Non-ionizing radiation in the workplace – ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation,57. Ultraviolet and infrared radiation, lasers in medicine. Hygienic characteristics, biological effects and prevention of their harmful impact.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  67. 67. Non-ionizing radiation in the workplace – radiofrequency radiationПодготвя се
  68. 68. Non-ionizing radiation in the workplace – extremely low frequency radiation and static fields.Подготвя се
  69. 69. Non-ionizing radiation in the workplace – lasers.57. Ultraviolet and infrared radiation, lasers in medicine. Hygienic characteristics, biological effects and prevention of their harmful impact.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  70. 70. Dust and particulate – classification, composition, health effects and risk. Occupational prevention.59. Dust aerosols.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  71. 71. Chemical hazards in the workplace – classification, toxic effects of hazardous substances. Toxicology – toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Hazards, risks and risk assessment. Prevention of occupational diseases and poisoning.60. Chemical factors in production and fundamentals of occupational toxicology. Prevention of occupational poisonings.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  72. 72. Chemical hazards in the workplace – heavy metals. Occupational health risk. Prevention.Подготвя се
  73. 73. Chemical hazards in the workplace – toxic gases. Occupational health risk. Prevention.Подготвя се
  74. 74. Chemical hazards in the workplace – organic solvents. Occupational health risk. Prevention.Подготвя се
  75. 75. Chemical hazards in the workplace – pesticides. Occupational health risk. Prevention.Подготвя се
  76. 76. Occupational medicine issues in Healthcare.69. Occupational health issues in healthcare.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
  77. 77. Occupational medicine issues in Chemical industry.67. Occupational health issues in the chemical industry.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  78. 78. Occupational medicine issues in Textile industry.68. Occupational health issues in the textile industry.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  79. 79. Occupational medicine issues in Mechanical engineering.66. Occupational health issues in mechanical engineering.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  80. 80. Occupational medicine issues in Metallurgy.65. Occupational hygiene in the metallurgical industry.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
  81. 81. Occupational medicine issues in Agriculture.63. Occupational health issues in modern agricultural labor. Working conditions of machine operators and livestock workers. Occupational hygiene in the use of fertilizers and pesticides.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
  82. 82. Childhood and adolescent hygiene. Growth and developmental age periods. Characteristics of morbidity among children and adolescents.71. Tasks and issues of the hygiene of children and adolescents. · 76. Structure of morbidity in adolescents. Methods for monitoring and assessing the health status of children and adolescents.2 мин · 29 флашкарти
  83. 83. Age, morphological and physiological peculiarities among children and adolescents.72. Anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child and adolescent organism. Patterns in the dynamics of the key morphological indicators.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
  84. 84. Calendar (chronological) age. Biological age. Acceleration.73. Problems of acceleration and biological maturity and their importance for the medical and preventive activities in educational institutions.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
  85. 85. Physiological bases of school education.74. Hygienic and physiological foundations of educational work in kindergartens and schools.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  86. 86. Hygiene requirements to daily regimen of children and adolescents. Prevention of school fatigue and exhaustion.75. Daily routine of the student – hygienic principles. Role of the medical specialist for their implementation. Prevention of school-related fatigue.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  87. 87. Physiological bases of physical education. Medical control on physical education.77. Hygienic principles of physical education, sports and conditioning of adolescents – significance and basic principles. Medical monitoring of physical education, sports and conditioning – main directions.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  88. 88. Hygiene requirements for vocational training.Подготвя се
  89. 89. Hygiene requirements to Crèches and Kindergartens.78. Hygienic requirements for the planning, structure, and furnishing of nurseries, kindergartens, and schools. Hygienic issues of sanitary-technical infrastructure and hygienic requirements for equipment.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
  90. 90. Hygiene requirements to Schools.78. Hygienic requirements for the planning, structure, and furnishing of nurseries, kindergartens, and schools. Hygienic issues of sanitary-technical infrastructure and hygienic requirements for equipment.1 мин · 15 флашкарти

Practical part 30 теми

  1. 91. State health control – organization, structure, public health protection activities. Regional health inspection (RHI).Подготвя се
  2. 92. Methods for hygienic investigation and evaluation of main physical factors of the air – air temperature and air humidity.Подготвя се
  3. 93. Methods for hygienic investigation and evaluation of main physical factors of the air – air velocity and IR radiation.Подготвя се
  4. 94. Subjective methods for complex microclimate evaluation.Подготвя се
  5. 95. Objective methods for complex microclimate evaluation –– physical, physiological, and integral methods.Подготвя се
  6. 96. Air pollutants. Air sampling for gases and vapors. Monitoring of air pollution.Подготвя се
  7. 97. Determination of CO and CO2, SO2 and NO2 in air samples.Подготвя се
  8. 98. Determination of lead aerosols and dust in air samples.Подготвя се
  9. 99. Methods for hygienic investigation of water supplies and drinking water. Water sampling for chemical and microbiological analysis. Monitoring of drinking water.Подготвя се
  10. 100. Organoleptic (aesthetic) and physical analysis of drinking water.Подготвя се
  11. 101. Chemical analysis of drinking water – pH-range, oxidizability, chloride, sulfate.Подготвя се
  12. 102. Chemical analysis of drinking water – ammonia, nitrite, nitrate.Подготвя се
  13. 103. Microbiological analysis of drinking water.Подготвя се
  14. 104. Purification of drinking water – experimental coagulation. Disinfection of drinking water – chlorination, principles, methods for determination the residual chlorine in drinking water. Disinfection of water on a small scale.8. Hygienic evaluation of water purification and disinfection methods. Water pollution and selfpurification.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
  15. 105. Hygienic evaluation of heating, illumination and ventilation in housing, public including hospital buildings.Подготвя се
  16. 106. Main principles of protection of external exposure and closed devices, and open sources of radiation. Decontamination (deactivation).21. Principles of protection from external and internal exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiological protection of the population and personnel during medical procedures.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
  17. 107. Assessment of personal nutrition. Methods for determination of daily energy expenditure, personal nutritional requirements, and normal body weight.26. Energy expenditure and caloric value of food.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
  18. 108. Dietary assessment methods.Подготвя се
  19. 109. Nutritional status – main indices and methods for assessment.Подготвя се
  20. 110. Food health control – indicators, stages.Подготвя се
  21. 111. Hygiene evaluation of meat. Taking of the meat samples. Laboratory tests.Подготвя се
  22. 112. Hygiene evaluation of milk. Taking of the milk samples. Laboratory tests.Подготвя се
  23. 113. Hygiene evaluation of baby foods and canned foods.Подготвя се
  24. 114. Foodborne diseases – control and preventive measures. Duties of medical specialist in the case of foodborne disease outbreak.Подготвя се
  25. 115. Hygiene requirements to catering establishments.Подготвя се
  26. 116. Neurocognitive approaches to the assessment of work capacity and fatigue – investigation of the nervous system and analyzers.Подготвя се
  27. 117. Hygiene-toxicological evaluation of chemicals. Principles of hygiene norms of chemical substances. Main criteria for assessment.Подготвя се
  28. 118. Health control in the use of pesticides. Duties of medical specialist in the use of pesticides. Tests for the effects of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticide exposure.Подготвя се
  29. 119. Hygiene assessment and measurement of noise and occupational vibrations.Подготвя се
  30. 120. Methods for control and evaluation of child and adolescents’ growth and development – anthropometry and somatoskopiya.Подготвя се

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