Медицина · 4 курс · МУ София

Клинична патология

Клиничната патология се изучава в 4 курс на специалност Медицина в Медицински университет – София, а конспектът ѝ е разделен на две части. Първата, Обща патология, обхваща клетъчното увреждане и адаптациите, вътре- и извънклетъчните натрупвания, некрозата, хемодинамичните нарушения, възпалението, имунитета, регенерацията, неоплазиите и вродените аномалии. Следва Системна патология, която разглежда сърдечно-съдовата, дихателната, храносмилателната, отделителната, кръвотворната, половата, ендокринната и нервната система и завършва с инфекциозните болести, туберкулозата и сифилиса. В AceMed има записки за всички 138 теми, около пет часа четене общо, със 171 означени изображения, предимно микроскопски и макроскопски препарати, няколко таблици, чести мнемоники и клинични примери, както и 1964 флашкарти.

Целият конспект на МУ София по Клинична патология, медицина, 4 курс: 138 теми, всяка с безплатна записка (5 часа четене), и 1964 флашкарти. Обновено на 4 ноември 2026 г.

теми в конспекта: 138
безплатни записки: 138
флашкарти: 1964
четене: 5 ч

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Конспект

Темите в реда на конспекта на МУ София. Всяка тема със записка се отваря в AceMed, щом влезеш в профила си.

Обща патология 46 теми

1. General and Special Pathology objectives. Basic terminology, purpose, tasks, methods.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
2. Cellular injury; common causes and mechanisms.2 мин · 12 флашкарти
3. Reversible cell injury due to compromised ionic transfer (cellular swelling): granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, hydropic change.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
4. Lipid accumulations in parenchymal and stromal cells. Lipid phagocytosis.2 мин · 9 флашкарти
5. Complex lipid accumulations: lipidoses.1 мин · 11 флашкарти
6. Abnormal intracellular glycogen accumulations. Glycogenoses.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
7. Hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations. Hemosiderosis. Types of jaundice.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
8. Non-hemoglobin-derived pigment accumulations: melanin, lipofuscin.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
9. Exogenous pigments – types, organ sites.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
10. Extracellular accumulations: hyalinosis; fibrinoid swelling.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
11. Extracellular accumulations: amyloidosis. Types of amyloidosis, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross organ pathomorphology. Histochemical staining methods.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
12. Extracellular accumulations of calcium and uric acid salts.1 мин · 11 флашкарти
13. Metabolic and structural abnormalities of collagen, elastin and proteoglycans. Mucopolysaccharidoses.5 мин · 16 флашкарти
14. Irreversible cell injury – cell death. Types of necrosis; microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Apoptosis.8 мин · 15 флашкарти
15. Ischemic necrosis – infarction. Morphogenesis. Types of infarctions – anemic, hemorrhagic. Organ sites. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
16. Clinico-anatomical types of necrosis: gangrene, decubitus, sequestration.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
17. Hemorrhages – types, pathogenesis; denomination according to organ site.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
18. Hemodynamic disorders. Arterial hyperemia. Venous congestion – systemic and organ-specific.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
19. Systemic hemodynamic disorders – peripheral tissue hypoperfusion (shock). DIC syndrome.5 мин · 16 флашкарти
20. Thrombosis. Pathogenesis, thrombus morphology, types. Outcome of thrombosis.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
21. Embolism – arterial and venous; types, sites of origin, target organs.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
22. Edema – types, pathogenesis and pathomorphology according to organ site.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
23. Inflammation. Definition, etiology, pathogenesis, types.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
24. Inflammation. Inflammatory mediators.5 мин · 14 флашкарти
25. Acute inflammation. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation, types of inflammatory cells, tissue alterations.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
26. Chronic inflammation. Etiology, types, morphology.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
27. Specific inflammation in rheumatism, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis. Histological characteristics of granulomas.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
28. Specific inflammation in leprosy, typhoid enteritis, mycoses and parasitic infections. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology of organ site alterations.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
29. Immunity. Types of immunity. Pathological immune reactions. Pathomorphology.6 мин · 14 флашкарти
30. Transplantation immunity. Rejection of tissue transplants.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
31. Regeneration and repair: types of physiologic renewal and posttraumatic repair in different cells and organs.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
32. Regeneration and repair: wound and bone healing. Stages of the reparative process.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
33. Adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia and metaplasia. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
34. Adaptations: atrophy. Types of atrophy. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
35. Neoplasia: etiology, pathogenesis, classification and nomenclature.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
36. Neoplastic growth, histogenesis and structure characteristics. Precancer. General histological features of benign, malignant; epithelial and mesenchyme tumors.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
37. Connective tissue benign & malignant neoplasms. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 12 флашкарти
38. Benign & malignant neoplasms of smooth and striated muscle. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
39. Benign & malignant neoplasms of vessel walls.1 мин · 15 флашкарти
40. Osteogenic sarcoma. Malignant synovioma. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
41. Benign & malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
42. Teratogenous neoplasms – teratomas and teratocarcinomas. Anatomic sites, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
43. Congenital anomalies. Classification. Exogenous and endogenous teratogens.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
44. Gene mutations. Chromosomal syndromes and diseases. Blastopathies – double malformations.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
45. Embryopathies. Cardiovascular system malformations.2 мин · 12 флашкарти
46. Embryopathies. Malformations of central nervous system and limbs.3 мин · 15 флашкарти

Системна патология 92 теми

47. Atherosclerosis. Etiology, pathogenesis and general characteristics of atherosclerotic vessel alterations.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
48. Atherosclerosis. Types of atherosclerotic microscopic & gross pathomorphological changes. Organ site damage in atherosclerosis. Complications.2 мин · 12 флашкарти
49. Ischemic heart disease: myocardial infarction. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Stages, complications, outcomes.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
50. Chronic ischemic heart disease: pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology; systemic and organ-specific manifestations.1 мин · 8 флашкарти
51. Systemic arterial hypertension: vascular and organ-specific pathomorphological changes.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
52. Pulmonary hypertension. Etiology, types. Cor pulmonale. Right ventricle and pulmonary vessel microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
53. Endocarditis: classification, etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology. Infective endocarditis – acute and subacute forms.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
54. Valvular heart disease: classification, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.9 мин · 16 флашкарти
55. Myocarditis: classification, pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
56. Pericarditis: etiology. Pathomorphological types.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
57. Cardiomyopathies: classification, pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
58. Vasculitis: classification, pathomorphology. Types of aneurysms.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
59. Systemic connective tissue diseases. Lupus erythematosus. Polyarteritis nodosa.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
60. Systemic connective tissue diseases – rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).3 мин · 13 флашкарти
61. Bronchitis – acute and chronic. Bronchiolitis. Pathomorphology.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
62. Bronchiectasis – congenital and acquired. Bronchiectatic disease. Complications.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
63. Lobar (croupous) pneumonia. Stages of development. Complications.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
64. Lobular pneumonia. Etiology, pathogenesis and pathomorphology.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
65. Interstitial and viral pneumonia. Etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 11 флашкарти
66. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Etiology, pathogenesis, pulmonary pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
67. Pulmonary emphysema: classification, etiology, pathogenesis. Chronic obstructive diffuse emphysema.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
68. Pulmonary emphysema: acute, compensatory, focal, interstitial and senile emphysema.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
69. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinico-pathological forms. Pathomorphological changes in the lungs and heart.1 мин · 9 флашкарти
70. Atelectasis – types. Pathomorphology. Acute massive pulmonary collapse (post-surgical atelectasis).1 мин · 14 флашкарти
71. Hypersensitive pulmonary diseases. Bronchial asthma. Eosinophilic pneumonia. Allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).3 мин · 16 флашкарти
72. Pneumoconioses. Etiology, pathogenesis, types, pathomorphological forms, complications.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
73. Primary tumors of the lung and pleura – benign & malignant. Histological and macroscopic forms.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
74. Diseases of esophagus: esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, diverticulae, hiatal hernia. Esophageal tumors – benign & malignant.4 мин · 15 флашкарти
75. Acute and chronic gastritis – etiology, pathogenesis, types; microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
76. Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer – etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic & gross pathomorphology, complications.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
77. Benign gastric tumors – of epithelial and mesenchyme origin. Stromal tumors – GIST.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
78. Gastric carcinoma: etiology and pathogenesis. Precancer. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Clinico-morphological methods of early diagnostics.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
79. Chronic enterocolitis – types. Ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, Whipple disease. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
80. Intestinal obstruction (ileus) – types. Mesenteric thrombosis. Complications.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
81. Peritonitis – etiology, pathomorphologic forms according to the types of inflammation.1 мин · 12 флашкарти
82. Tumors of the small intestine: epithelial/mesenchyme, neuroendocrine, lymphomas.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
83. Appendicitis – types according to etiology, pathogenesis and forms of inflammation. Tumors of the appendix – epithelial, neuroendocrine.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
84. Benign tumors and carcinoma of the colon. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology. Role of fibrocolonoscopy in early diagnostics.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
85. Primal and secondary (metastatic) tumors of the peritoneum.1 мин · 13 флашкарти
86. Acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Basic morphologic classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
87. Liver cirrhosis – definition, classification, progression. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
88. Portal hypertension – pathogenesis, vascular and organ-specific manifestations, complications.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
89. Primal hepatic carcinoma – hepatocellular/cholangiocellular. Etiology & pathogenesis. Secondary (metastatic) liver tumors. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology; differential diagnosis.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
90. Acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis. Liver abscess. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
91. Cholelithiasis. Types of stones. Complications. Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
92. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis, hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
93. Tumors of exocrine and endocrine pancreas.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
94. Primal glomerular diseases – glomerulonephrites. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
95. Inflammatory tubulointerstitial renal diseases – acute and chronic pyelonephritis.3 мин · 15 флашкарти
96. Nephrocirrhosis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification. Renal failure.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
97. Urolithiasis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Types of stones. Clinico-morphological characteristics. Complications.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
98. Inflammatory diseases of the urinary bladder (cystitis). Pathomorphological classification. Tumors of the kidney and urinary tract.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
99. Primal diseases of bone marrow – hemolytic and iron deficiency anemias. Etiology, pathogenesis & pathomorphologic characteristics of target organs.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
100. Primal diseases of bone marrow – megaloblastic and pernicious anemias. Etiology, pathogenesis & pathomorphologic characteristics of target organs.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
101. Acute and chronic leukemia. Pathomorphology of target organs: bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
102. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease – basic histologic types. Target organs.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
103. Lymphadenitis. Types of lymphadenitis according to histological characteristics.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
104. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic carcinoma.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
105. Inflammatory diseases of the testis. Testicular tumors - types according to histological classification and origin.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
106. Uterine body carcinoma. Etiology & pathogenesis. Precancer. Histological classification.1 мин · 16 флашкарти
107. Precancer of the uterine cervix. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Importance of early diagnostic methods – cytology, histology.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
108. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Etiology, pathogenesis, types, microscopic & gross pathomorphology.1 мин · 11 флашкарти
109. Ovarian epithelial tumors – benign & malignant. Germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors. Classification.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
110. Fibrocystic breast disease. Benign tumors: epithelial and mixed.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
111. Breast carcinoma. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinico-morphological types and histological variants.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
112. Toxemia of pregnancy. Pathomorphological characteristics of organ-site damage.1 мин · 12 флашкарти
113. Postpartum uterine infection. Postpartum sepsis. Pathomorphological characteristics of organ-site damage.1 мин · 9 флашкарти
114. Pituitary gland diseases: acromegaly, hypercortisolism (Iscenco Cushing syndrome), hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ-site pathomorphology.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
115. Thyroid epithelial hyperplasia. Hypothyroidism. Myxedema.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
116. Hyperthyroidism. Graves-Basedow's disease (toxic diffuse goiter).1 мин · 14 флашкарти
117. Thyroiditis – types, pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
118. Neoplasms of the thyroid: classification, pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
119. Hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ-site alterations. Tumors of parathyroid glands.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
120. Diabetes mellitus. Etiology & pathogenesis. Pathomorphology of organ-site alterations. Complications.3 мин · 13 флашкарти
121. Endocrine pancreas neoplasia. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.1 мин · 14 флашкарти
122. Acute and chronic suprarenal insufficiency. Etiology, pathogenesis and clinico-pathological correlations.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
123. Suprarenal gland tumors – primal and secondary.2 мин · 13 флашкарти
124. Inflammatory diseases of Central nervous system. Meningitis, encephalitis – types according to etiology and pathomorphology.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
125. Cerebrovascular disease.4 мин · 16 флашкарти
126. Demyelinating diseases of Central nervous system.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
127. Tumors of Central and Peripheral nervous systems.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
128. Infectious diseases. Etiology & pathogenesis. Classification according to organ site and transmission mechanism.4 мин · 14 флашкарти
129. Airborne transmitted infections – influenza, measles, scarlet fever, parotitis. Organ site pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
130. Insect vector transmitted infections – lime disease, malaria, hemorrhagic fevers. Etiology & pathogenesis. Organ site pathomorphology.2 мин · 15 флашкарти
131. Infections transmitted by direct physical contact – anthrax, tetanus, rabies. Organ site pathomorphology.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
132. Gastrointestinal infections – salmonellosis, shigellosis.2 мин · 16 флашкарти
133. AIDS – etiology, pathogenesis, organ site damage, pathomorphological features. Complications.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
134. Sepsis. Septicemia. Septicopyemia. Chroniosepsis. Organ damage characteristics.3 мин · 16 флашкарти
135. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Primary TB complex morphology. Complications. Progressive hematogenous tuberculosis – generalized or pulmonary.3 мин · 14 флашкарти
136. Secondary pulmonary tuberculosis – classification, organ site damage. Microscopic & gross pathomorphology.2 мин · 14 флашкарти
137. Acquired and congenital syphilis. Etiology & pathogenesis. Stages of development. Primary syphilitic lesion. Organ site damage.2 мин · 11 флашкарти
138. Tertiary syphilis. Pathomorphology of syphilitic specific inflammation (gumma). Visceral changes. Neurosyphilis.2 мин · 14 флашкарти

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