Dental Medicine · Year 2 · MU Sofia
Biophysics
Biophysics is taught in Year 2 of the Dental Medicine degree at the Medical University of Sofia, and its syllabus runs through 26 topics. It begins with biomechanics, including the rheology of bone, muscle, blood vessels and blood. It then moves to biothermodynamics, bioenergetics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Next come biomembranes, with their lipids, proteins and artificial models, followed by free radical processes and membrane transport from diffusion to active pumps. Biopotentials, the resting and action potentials, surface charge, the passive electrical properties of tissues and nanotechnologies in medicine close the syllabus. AceMed's notes are short, about an hour of reading in all, with 43 labelled pictures, 9 tables and 375 flashcards.
The full MU Sofia syllabus for Biophysics, Dental Medicine, Year 2: 26 topics, every one with a free study note (65 minutes of reading), and 375 flashcards. Updated 2 November 2026.
- syllabus topics
- 26
- free notes
- 26
- flashcards
- 375
- of reading
- 65 min
Syllabus
The topics in the order of the MU Sofia syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.
- 1. Biomechanics 1: subject and importance of biomechanics. Rheology of the solid materials. Viscoelastic properties of bones and muscles2 min · 15 cards
- 2. Biomechanics 2: passive mechanical properties of blood vessels - Lamé's equation, volume-pressure dependencies. Pulse wave. Mechanics of breathing2 min · 14 cards
- 3. Biomechanics 3: hemorheology - rheological characteristics of the blood. Dependence of blood viscosity on the hematocrit, deformability and aggregation of the red blood cells4 min · 15 cards
- 4. Biothermodynamics - basics: basic concepts. First law of thermodynamics, internal energy. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy3 min · 15 cards
- 5. Biothermodynamics - potentials: entropy as a measure of disorder and probability. Third law. Thermodynamic potentials - definitions, changes, consequences2 min · 15 cards
- 6. Bioenergetics - basics: energy sources, types of work and heat in the living systems. Electrochemical potential, free energy and direction of processes2 min · 16 cards
- 7. The entropy in open systems: validity of the laws of thermodynamics in living systems. The change of entropy in an open system. Steady state and thermodynamic equilibrium3 min · 13 cards
- 8. Fundamentals of nonequilibrium biothermodynamics: linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics - generalized fluxes and driving forces. Flux conjugation criteria. A steady state close to equilibrium2 min · 13 cards
- 9. Biomembranes - composition, types and functions. Membrane lipids: subject and importance of biological membranology, types of membranes. Functions and basic chemical composition of biomembranes. Membrane phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol3 min · 15 cards
- 10. Membrane proteins and models: membrane proteins and glycoproteins - functions, localization and binding. Membrane models and methods of investigation of biomembranes. The erythrocyte membranes2 min · 14 cards
- 11. Artificial membranes: lipid associates and model artificial membranes - types, preparation methods, properties and significance. Liposomes as drug carriers3 min · 13 cards
- 12. Properties and phase behavior of membranes: phase transition in the lipid bilayers. Lamellar and nonlamellar liquid crystal phases. Mobility of the membrane components - lateral and transversal diffusion2 min · 15 cards
- 13. Free radical processes in living systems 1: free radicals - generation in biological systems. Types of free radicals, basic reactions for formation and registration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)2 min · 13 cards
- 14. Free radical processes in living systems 2: free radicals - generation in biological systems. Types of free radicals, basic reactions for formation and registration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)2 min · 15 cards
- 15. Membrane transport 1: subject and importance of membrane transport. Types of transport (classification). Free diffusion of non-charged particles - first and second Fick's laws. The Stokes-Einstein equation1 min · 12 cards
- 16. Membrane transport 2: free diffusion of ions - the Nernst-Planck equation, dimensionless potential. Non-free diffusion through a pored membrane1 min · 14 cards
- 17. Membrane transport 3: osmosis and filtration. Dialysis and hemodialysis. Water exchange through membranes and between blood and tissues4 min · 15 cards
- 18. Membrane transport 4: facilitated diffusion. Ionophores - mobile carriers (valinomycin) and channel-forming carriers (gramicidin A). Principles of action, molecular structure and selectivity3 min · 13 cards
- 19. Membrane transport 5: active transport. Sodium-potassium pump and calcium pump - importance, role of ATP, molecular structure and model of action. Types of active transport with examples3 min · 14 cards
- 20. Biopotentials - basics: diffusion, equilibrium (Nernst) and Donnan potentials - conditions and mechanisms of generation, dependencies on concentration and time2 min · 14 cards
- 21. Resting potential: origin of the resting potential - theories. Goldman equation. The effect of electrogenic pump. Resting potential components2 min · 13 cards
- 22. Action potential: nature, formation, propagation. The Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Ion channels - model structure, effects of toxins and drugs4 min · 16 cards
- 23. Surface electric charge of cells and tissues. Electrokinetic phenomena: origin of the surface electric charge - double electric layer and potential distribution. Stability of charged particle suspensions. Electrophoretic mobility - dependence on pH and ionic strength. Types of electrophoresis3 min · 15 cards
- 24. Passive electric properties of cells and tissues: electroconductivity of cells and tissues for DC and AC. Types of polarization of dielectrics and heterogeneous systems. Electroporation and electrofusion. Impedance and dispersion of the dielectric permittivity. Applications in medicine3 min · 16 cards
- 25. Nanotechnologies in medicine 1: basic notions and terminology. Characteristics of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles and nanocapsules as drug carriers. Types of nanocarriers. Targeting and controlled release of drugs. Interaction with cells3 min · 16 cards
- 26. Nanotechnologies in medicine 2: nanotechnologies in medical diagnostics. Early in vitro diagnostics. Nanosensors - detection mechanisms and types. Nanoparticles in imaging diagnostics. Nanotechnologies in tissue engineering and for new biocompatible materials2 min · 16 cards
Other Year 2 subjects
- Anatomy264 notes
- Biochemistry70 notes
- Microbiology113 notes
- Physiology104 notes
- Preclinics of Dental Prosthetics75 notes
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