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Dental Medicine · Year 2 · MU Sofia

Microbiology

Microbiology is taught in Year 2 of the Dental Medicine degree at the Medical University of Sofia, and its syllabus runs through 113 topics. It opens with history, bacterial taxonomy, morphology, ultrastructure and physiology, moves on to disinfection, sterilisation, bacterial genetics and antimicrobial agents, then infection and immunity, from natural resistance to vaccines and hypersensitivity. Systematic bacteriology follows, then pathogenic fungi, viruses and bacteriophages, closing with environmental microbes, the human microbiota and infections by body system. AceMed has a note for every topic, about seven hours of reading in all, with 479 labelled pictures, 184 tables and 1,607 flashcards. Many notes end with comparison or summary tables.

The full MU Sofia syllabus for Microbiology, Dental Medicine, Year 2: 113 topics, every one with a free study note (7 hours of reading), and 1,607 flashcards. Updated 30 October 2026.

syllabus topics
113
free notes
113
flashcards
1,607
of reading
7 h
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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Sofia syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

  1. 1.Introduction to Medical Microbiology - History and Subject2 min · 15 cards
  2. 2. Bacterial Taxonomy: Classification, Nomenclature and Identification5 min · 14 cards
  3. 3. Bacterial Morphology3 min · 16 cards
  4. 4 – Bacterial Ultrastructure: Contrasting Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and3 min · 15 cards
  5. 5-Bacterial Ultrastructure - Cell Wall, Structure and Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cell Wall.7 min · 14 cards
  6. 6. Bacterial Ultrastructure - Cytoplasmic Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleoid, etc3 min · 15 cards
  7. 7. Bacterial,Ultrastructure- Bacterial Spores4 min · 14 cards
  8. 8. Fungal Morphology and Structure5 min · 14 cards
  9. 9. Bacterial Physiology = Chemical Composition, Bacterial Metabolism, Bacterial Productivity.5 min · 12 cards
  10. 10. Bacterial Physiology - Bacterial Growth and Cell Division, Growth Factors.7 min · 15 cards
  11. 11. Effects of Chemical Factors on Mivrosorganism- Disinfection, Groups of Disinfectious and antiseptic agent.5 min · 14 cards
  12. 12. Effect of Physical Factors on Microorganism – Sterilisation & Sterilisation Methods6 min · 13 cards
  13. 13. Bacterial genetics. Carriers of genetic information: Bacterial chromosomes- Structure, replication and function:4 min · 13 cards
  14. 14. Bacterial genetics. Carriers of genetic information. Plasmids and transposable elements- Structure and function4 min · 15 cards
  15. 15. Bacterial Changeability: Mutations3 min · 13 cards
  16. 16. Bacterial changeability. Recombination and Mechanism of DNA transfer between bacterial cells.5 min · 14 cards
  17. 17. Bacterial Genetics: Genetic engineering, DNA cloning, application of cloned DNA in molecular- Biological Genetic Methods in Diagnostics5 min · 13 cards
  18. 18. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: General principles, Types of Antimicrobial Agents according to their Mechanism of Action, Adverse reaction6 min · 16 cards
  19. 19.Antibacterial Agents- Cell Wall synthesis inhibitors, Mechanism of action and resistance3 min · 15 cards
  20. 20. Antibacterial Agents - Protein and Nucleic acids Synthesis inhibitors, mechanism of action and resistance6 min · 15 cards
  21. 21. Antiviral and Antifungal agents7 min · 15 cards
  22. 22. Infection and Infectious Disease. Interactions between Host and Microorganisms. Forms of Infection.6 min · 15 cards
  23. 23. Infection- Role of Microorganisms in the Infectious Process8 min · 15 cards
  24. 24.Reservoirs of Causative Agents, Sources of Infections and Mechanisms for Spreading the Infectious Agents.6 min · 13 cards
  25. 25.Pathogenesis of Infectious Process -Development, Infectious Dose,3 min · 14 cards
  26. 26. Immunity, Immunity as a Biological Phenomenon and Types of Immunity5 min · 12 cards
  27. 27. Natural Resistance.5 min · 15 cards
  28. 28 - Natural Resistance5 min · 12 cards
  29. 29: Natural Resistance - Cellular Factors2 min · 14 cards
  30. 30 Acquired Immunity,7 min · 14 cards
  31. 31. Antigens structure and properties. Antigenic structure of microorganisms.4 min · 14 cards
  32. 32: Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)7 min · 14 cards
  33. 33. Immune system5 min · 15 cards
  34. 34. Immune response3 min · 13 cards
  35. 35. Cell-mediated immunity6 min · 14 cards
  36. 36. Protective mechanisms in infectious diseases,5 min · 14 cards
  37. 37: Protective mechanisms in infectious diseases5 min · 14 cards
  38. 38. Antigen-antibody reaction2 min · 14 cards
  39. 39. Antigen-antibody reaction3 min · 14 cards
  40. 40: Antigen-antibody reaction4 min · 14 cards
  41. 41. Immune Reactions Employing the Complementary System6 min · 14 cards
  42. 42. Immune reactions with labeled antibodies.3 min · 15 cards
  43. 43. Immunopathology. Allergies (hypersensitivity reactions). Mechanism of Rapid and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.4 min · 13 cards
  44. 44. Immunopathology. Autoimmune reactions and diseases. Role of hypersensitivity reactions (rapid and delayed reactions) in autoimmune diseases.4 min · 13 cards
  45. 45. Immuno-prophylaxis and immunotherapy. Vaccines. Immunization schedules.6 min · 13 cards
  46. 46. Immuno-prophylaxis and immunotherapy, Immune sera and other antibody-containing preparations and Immunomodulators4 min · 14 cards
  47. 47. Staphylococci (genus Staphylococcus)4 min · 14 cards
  48. 48. Group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes)4 min · 15 cards
  49. 49. Group B, C, D & G streptococci. Streptococcus viridians group. Genus Enterococcus4 min · 14 cards
  50. 50. Streptococcus pneumoniae4 min · 13 cards
  51. 51. Neisseria meningitidis4 min · 16 cards
  52. 52. Neisseria gonorrhoeae4 min · 15 cards
  53. 53. Order Enterobacterales. Genus Escherichia. E. coli6 min · 12 cards
  54. 54. Genus Salmonella. Causative agents of typhoid and paratyphoid diseases.3 min · 13 cards
  55. 55. Genus Salmonella. Causative agents of food toxicoinfections.3 min · 14 cards
  56. 56. Genus Shigella.3 min · 16 cards
  57. 57. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia (K-E-S group).3 min · 13 cards
  58. 58. Genera Proteus, Providencia & Morganella.4 min · 12 cards
  59. 59. Yersinia pestis.3 min · 15 cards
  60. 60. Yersinia enterocolitica.3 min · 14 cards
  61. 61. Vibrio cholerae. Aeromonas hydrophila.3 min · 14 cards
  62. 62. Haemophilus influenzae. Moraxella catrrhalis.4 min · 13 cards
  63. 63. Bordetella pertussis.2 min · 14 cards
  64. 64. Genus Brucella. Genus Francisella.3 min · 15 cards
  65. 65. Family Legionellaceae.3 min · 15 cards
  66. 66. Genus Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.3 min · 14 cards
  67. 67. Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: genera Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas & Burkhold3 min · 15 cards
  68. 68. Genus Corynebacterium. C. diphtheria, etc. corynebacteria3 min · 13 cards
  69. 69. Genus Listeria - L. monocytogenes2 min · 14 cards
  70. 70. Family Mycobacteriaceae: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc. causative agents of tuberculosis4 min · 15 cards
  71. 71. Anaerobic non-spore forming bacteria. Pathogenesis, clinics, microbiological diagnosis3 min · 15 cards
  72. 72. Genus Actinomyces.3 min · 16 cards
  73. 73. Genus Bacillus - B. anthracis.4 min · 16 cards
  74. 74. Genus Clostridium - C. tetani.3 min · 16 cards
  75. 75. Clostridia causing gas gangrene.3 min · 16 cards
  76. 76. Clostridium botulinum. Clostridioides difficile.3 min · 15 cards
  77. 77. Family Spirochaetaceae. Genus Treponema - T. pallidum.3 min · 15 cards
  78. 78. Genus Borrelia. Causative agents of recurrent typhus. Causative agents of Lyme borreliosis.4 min · 15 cards
  79. 79. Genus Leptospira4 min · 14 cards
  80. 80. Genus Campylobacter4 min · 13 cards
  81. 81. Genus Helicobacter4 min · 14 cards
  82. 82. Genus Mycoplasma. Ureaplasma urealyticum3 min · 14 cards
  83. 83. Genus Chlamydia3 min · 15 cards
  84. 84. Genus Rickettsia, Genus Caxiella.4 min · 16 cards
  85. 85. Pathogenic fungi. Candida. Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Aspergillus, etc4 min · 16 cards
  86. 86. Viruses – Nature and Properties4 min · 15 cards
  87. 87. Family Picornaviridae – Poliovirus and Other Enteroviruses3 min · 15 cards
  88. 88. Family Orthomyxoviridae – Influenza Virus3 min · 13 cards
  89. 89. Family Paramyxoviridae – Measles, Mumps, Parainfluenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses7 min
  90. 90. Family Coronaviridae – SARS Virus3 min · 14 cards
  91. 91. Family Reoviridae - Genus Rotavirus. Genus Norovirus.3 min · 15 cards
  92. 92. Arboviruses – Causative Agents of Significant Arboviral Infections3 min · 15 cards
  93. 93. Rubella Virus & Zika Virus4 min · 13 cards
  94. 94. Family Rhabdoviridae – Rabies Virus3 min · 15 cards
  95. 95. Family Retroviridae – HIV-1 and HIV-24 min · 15 cards
  96. 96. Family Adenoviridae | Genus Papillomavirus | Genus Polyomavirus4 min · 15 cards
  97. 97. Family Herpesviridae – Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1, HSV-2) & Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)4 min · 14 cards
  98. 98. Family Herpesviridae – Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus3 min · 16 cards
  99. 99. Family Poxviridae – Variola Virus (Smallpox Virus)2 min · 15 cards
  100. 100. Human Hepatitis Viruses: A, B, C, D, E, G3 min · 13 cards
  101. 101. Bacteriophages3 min · 14 cards
  102. 102. Microbes in the Environment. Sanitary-Indicative Microorganisms.3 min · 13 cards
  103. 103. Human Microbiota – Physiological Significance and Etiological Role3 min · 16 cards
  104. 104. Role of Human Microbiota: Physiological & Harmful Effects, Iatrogenic3 min · 15 cards
  105. 105. Microbiological Aspects of Respiratory Tract Infections3 min · 15 cards
  106. 106. Microbiological Aspects of Infections of the Cardiovascular System3 min · 14 cards
  107. 107. Microbiological Aspects of Central Nervous System (CNS) Infections3 min · 16 cards
  108. 108. Microbiological Aspects of Skin, Wound, Muscle, Joint, and Bone3 min · 16 cards
  109. 109. Microbiological Aspects of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)3 min · 14 cards
  110. 110. Microbiological Aspects of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)2 min · 16 cards
  111. 111. Microbiological Aspects of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections2 min · 16 cards
  112. 112. Microbiological Aspects of Infections in Immunocompromised Patients2 min · 15 cards
  113. 113. Microbiological Aspects of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)2 min · 14 cards

Other Year 2 subjects

  • Anatomy264 notes
  • Biochemistry70 notes
  • Biophysics26 notes
  • Physiology104 notes
  • Preclinics of Dental Prosthetics75 notes

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