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Medicine · Year 1 · MU Sofia

Cytology

Cytology at the Medical University of Sofia is a Year 1 subject in Medicine whose syllabus moves from methods in cytology and histology, such as microscopy, staining and histochemistry, to the cell's structure and organelles, then the cell cycle, division and death. It continues with the tissues in turn: epithelial tissue, connective tissue with cartilage and bone, blood and haematopoiesis, muscle tissue and nerve tissue, and ends with embryology, from gametogenesis and fertilisation to the germ layers and malformations. AceMed has notes for all 97 topics, about eight hours of reading built around 388 labelled pictures with 9 tables, plus 1,365 flashcards.

The full MU Sofia syllabus for Cytology, Medicine, Year 1: 97 topics, every one with a free study note (8 hours of reading), and 1,365 flashcards. Updated 2 November 2026.

syllabus topics
97
free notes
97
flashcards
1,365
of reading
8 h
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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Sofia syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

Methods in cytology and histology 9 topics

  1. 1. Microscopy. Types of microscopes.5 min · 13 cards
  2. 2. Collection of material for microscopic examinations. Fixation.2 min · 14 cards
  3. 3. Basic stages in preparation of permanent histological preparation. H&E staining.Basic stages in the preparation of a permanent histological preparation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. · 1. Microscopy. Types of microscopes.12 min · 12 cards
  4. 4. Histochemistry. Methods of demonstration of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.4 min · 14 cards
  5. 5. Methods of demonstration of enzymes .3 min · 14 cards
  6. 6. Immunohistochemistry.4 min · 14 cards
  7. 7. Hybirdization techniquesHybridization techniques. · 1. Microscopy. Types of microscopes.10 min · 13 cards
  8. 8. Cell culture.6 min · 16 cards
  9. 9. Cell fractionation. Histoautoradiography.Autoradiography. X-ray crystalography.7 min · 14 cards

The cell: structure and organelles 24 topics

  1. 10. Cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.5 min · 16 cards
  2. 11. Outer and inner morphology of the eucariotyc cell.4 min · 15 cards
  3. 12. Chemical composition of the cell. Basic chemical compounds. Carbohydrates and lipds.8 min · 15 cards
  4. 13. Chemical composition of the cell. Lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.3 min · 14 cards
  5. 14. Cell membrane and glycocalix. Cell membrane models.4 min · 14 cards
  6. 15. Membrane transport. Passive and active transport.5 min · 15 cards
  7. 16. Structure and function of the cell membrane proteins.4 min · 14 cards
  8. 17. Specialized cell membrane structures.6 min · 17 cards
  9. 18. Intercellular junctions.2 min · 14 cards
  10. 19. Endoplasmic reticulum. RIbosomes Anular lamellae.1 min · 14 cards
  11. 20. Golgi apparatus.1 min · 15 cards
  12. 21.Exocytosis, Secretory vesicles.1 min · 16 cards
  13. 22. Coated vesicles.5 min · 16 cards
  14. 23. Lysosomes and endosomes. Peroxisomes2 min · 14 cards
  15. 24. Mitochondria.3 min · 14 cards
  16. 25. Nucleus. Structure.3 min · 16 cards
  17. 26. Structure and replication of DNA.6 min · 16 cards
  18. 27. Protein synthesis. Proteasomes.6 min · 14 cards
  19. 28. Cytoskeleton. Microtubules.3 min · 15 cards
  20. 29. Cytoskeleton. Actin, intermediate and myosin filaments.3 min · 13 cards
  21. 30. Cytocenter and centrioles.3 min · 15 cards
  22. 31. Cellular inclusions.6 min · 16 cards
  23. 32. Endocytosis and exocytosis.6 min · 16 cards
  24. 33. Cell signaling. Receptor – types. Growth factors.5 min · 15 cards

Cell cycle, division and death 5 topics

  1. 34. Cell cycle. Cell division. Mitosis. Endomitosis. Amitosis.7 min · 14 cards
  2. 35. Cell division. Meiosis.6 min · 16 cards
  3. 36. Membrane transport. Active and passive transport.6 min · 16 cards
  4. 36. Cell differentiation and proliferation. Stem cells.6 min · 16 cards
  5. 37. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis.4 min · 12 cards

Epithelial tissue 6 topics

  1. 1. Definition and classification of tissues. General properties of tissues.4 min · 14 cards
  2. 2. Epithelial tissue. Definition and general characteristics10 min · 14 cards
  3. 3. Simple surface epithelia.5 min · 12 cards
  4. 4. Stratified surface epithelia.3 min · 13 cards
  5. 5. Glandular epithelium - exocrine type. Types of glands.2 min
  6. 6. Glandular epithelium - endocrine type.4 min · 15 cards

Connective tissue, cartilage and bone 12 topics

  1. 7. Connective tissue - definition, general characteristics, and classifications4 min · 13 cards
  2. 8. Connective tissue - intercellular substance. Structural intercellular fibers4 min · 15 cards
  3. 9. Collagenogenesis and elastogenesis.3 min · 14 cards
  4. 10. Connective tissue cells.3 min · 14 cards
  5. 11. Embryonic connective tissue. Fibrous connective tissue.3 min · 11 cards
  6. 12. Connective tissue fibers.3 min · 14 cards
  7. 13. Specialized connective tissues - pigment tissue, adipose tissue.4 min · 14 cards
  8. 14. Reticular connective tissue. Mononuclear-phagocyte system.3 min · 13 cards
  9. 14. Cartilaginous connective tissue. Hyaline cartilage.4 min · 15 cards
  10. 15. Cartilaginous connective tissue. Elastic cartilage. Fibrous cartilage.2 min · 15 cards
  11. 16. Bone tissue. Cells.3 min · 15 cards
  12. 17. Bone tissue. Intercellular substance. Histogenesis of bone tissue.4 min · 13 cards

Blood and haematopoiesis 8 topics

  1. 18. Blood. Blood plasma. Antibodies.5 min · 15 cards
  2. 19. Erythrocytes. Erythrocytopoiesis.4 min · 13 cards
  3. 20. Granulocytes - types. Granulocytopoiesis.5 min · 15 cards
  4. 21. Lymphocytes - types. Lymphocytopoiesis.7 min · 12 cards
  5. 22. Monocytes. Monocytopoiesis.3 min · 13 cards
  6. 23. Platelets. Thrombocytopoiesis.3 min · 13 cards
  7. 24. Blood formation. Periods and sites of blood formation. Regulation of hemopoiesis.7 min · 13 cards
  8. 25. Bone marrow.4 min · 13 cards

Muscle tissue 4 topics

  1. 26. Muscle tissue. Smooth muscle tissue. Myoepithelial cells. Pericytes.5 min · 15 cards
  2. 27. Cardiac muscle tissue. Cardiomyocytes - structure, types.5 min · 16 cards
  3. 28. Striated skeletal muscle tissue. Structure of striated muscle fiber. Types of muscle fibers.9 min · 15 cards
  4. 29. Striated skeletal muscle tissue. Mechanism of muscle contraction.4 min · 13 cards

Nerve tissue 9 topics

  1. 30. Nerve tissue. Histogenesis.4 min · 12 cards
  2. 31. Morphology of the neuron. Types of neurons.6 min · 13 cards
  3. 32. Neural outgrowths. Axon. Dendrites.4 min · 15 cards
  4. 33. Nerve fibers - types. Myelin sheath. Peripheral nerves.5 min · 16 cards
  5. 34. Interneuronal synapses. Neurotransmitters.7 min · 13 cards
  6. 35. Neuroglia - types.7 min · 16 cards
  7. 36. Receptor nerve endings. Receptors for general sensation.6 min · 14 cards
  8. 37. Specific-sensory receptors.6 min · 16 cards
  9. 38. Effector nerve endings. Neuromuscular synapse.6 min · 16 cards

Embryology 20 topics

  1. 94. Primordial germ cells and gametogenesis.9 min · 14 cards
  2. 95. Spermatogenesis. Spermatozoon.5 min · 14 cards
  3. 96. Oogenesis. Oocyte.5 min · 14 cards
  4. 97. Ovarian cycle. Ovulation.8 min · 15 cards
  5. 82Fertilization.5 min · 14 cards
  6. 83Blastocyst formation.4 min · 14 cards
  7. 84Implantation.4 min · 15 cards
  8. 85Fetal membranes – amnion and chorion. Yolk sac. Alantois.3 min · 13 cards
  9. 86Placenta.3 min · 12 cards
  10. 87Umbilical cord and embryonic blood circulation.7 min · 12 cards
  11. 88Bilaminar embryonic disc. Gastrulation. Shaping of the fetal body.7 min · 13 cards
  12. 89Ectoderm and its derivatives.7 min · 14 cards
  13. 90Endoderm and its derivatives.7 min · 14 cards
  14. 91Mesoderm and its derivatives. Mesenchyme.7 min · 14 cards
  15. 92Cellular mechanisms of embryonic development.4 min · 14 cards
  16. 93Twins. Malformations.5 min · 16 cards
  17. 94Environmental factors influencing development.4 min · 14 cards
  18. 95Chromosomal and genetic defects underlying congenital malformations.4 min · 14 cards
  19. 96Types of malformations3 min · 14 cards
  20. 97Periods in embryonic development. Critical periods.6 min · 13 cards

Cytology at other universities

  • MU Pleven, Medicine59 notes

Other Year 1 subjects

  • Anatomy (Bones and Muscles)49 notes
  • Anatomy (Internal Organs+Glands)44 notes
  • Biology105 notes
  • Biology Stop Test7 notes
  • Chemistry42 notes
  • Latin23 notes
  • Physics42 notes

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