Обща и оперативна хирургия

I. Theory 77 теми

1. 1. Brief historical data on the development of surgery. Surgery in Bulgaria.5 мин
2. 2. Antiseptics. Historical data. Means for achieving antiseptics.Подготвя се
3. 3. Aseptics. Historical data. Operating room layout.Подготвя се
4. 4. Base and means for conducting surgical treatment. Organization and planning of the surgical department. Surgical instruments, suture materials, dressing and additional materials, operating clothing.6 мин
5. 5. Preoperative preparation and examination of the patient.5 мин
6. 6. Postoperative period. Postoperative complications – surgical, pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, digestive tract, hepatic, hepatorenal syndrome.5 мин
7. 7. Preparation of the operational team for an operation. Preparation of the operational field.2 мин
8. 8. Surgical operation. Types of operations.1 мин
9. 9. Application of antibiotics in surgery. Indications. Complications.3 мин
10. 10. Basic manipulations in surgery. Puncture – types, indications, technique. Puncture of vessels and anatomical cavities.5 мин
11. 11. Basic manipulations in surgery. Puncture of newly formed cavities – abscess (hot and cold) and hematoma. Probing – types, indications, techniques.7 мин
12. 12. Basic surgical interventions. Tomy. Stoma.4 мин
13. 13. Basic surgical interventions. Incision. Excision. Trepanation.3 мин
14. 14. Basic surgical interventions. Anastomosis. Bypass.5 мин
15. 15. Basic surgical interventions Resection. Ectomy. Amputation.5 мин
16. 16. Anesthesia – historical data. Definition. Classification. Types.7 мин
17. 17. Local anesthesia – types, medications, indications, technique, complications.5 мин
18. 18. Shock – types, pathophysiology, basic principles of correction.7 мин
19. 19. Clinical death – basic clinical characteristics. Resuscitation measures.4 мин
20. 20. Congenital diseases. Teratogenic factors. Prenatal diagnosis.7 мин
21. 21. Basic principles of surgical treatment of congenital diseases.1 мин
22. 22. Congenital diseases of the head and neck.5 мин
23. 23. Congenital diseases of the digestive tract.6 мин
24. 24. Injuries. Definition of trauma and traumatism. Types of injuries. Classification.3 мин
25. 25. Closed mechanical injuries. Contusion. Compression. Traumatic toxicosis (Crush syndrome). Traumatic dislocation.5 мин
26. 26. Closed head injuries. Concussion, contusion, compression Cerebral.7 мин
27. 27. Closed thoracic and abdominal injuries.4 мин
28. 28. Open trauma – wound.6 мин
29. 29. Contusion and laceration – contusion wound.2 мин
30. 30. Cut wound. Bite wound.2 мин
31. 31. Gunshot wound. Stab wound.3 мин
32. 32. Wound healing – primary, secondary. Wound suturing. Types. Scar (cicatrix).9 мин
33. 33. Wound treatment. Principles of wound treatment.3 мин
34. 34. Postoperative wound complications.2 мин
35. 35. Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. Definition, complications, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of treatment.Подготвя се
36. 36. Burn. Definition, types of degrees, determination of the surface, phases of burn, clinical symptoms, basics of treatment, conservative and surgical, resuscitation.8 мин
37. 37. Electrical injuries – local, general.1 мин
38. 38. Chemical burns.2 мин
39. 39. Frostbite. Definition, types, degrees, manifestations, basics of treatment.3 мин
40. 40. General cooling - pathophysiology, clinical picture, treatmentПодготвя се
41. 41. Bleeding – definition, classification, pathophysiology, clinical picture, treatment12 мин
42. 42. Blood transfusion – history, ABO system and Rh factor / Rh/. Determination of blood groups. Indications and contraindications for blood transfusion. Blood products.16 мин
43. 43. Bleeding from the upper GI tract. Sources of bleeding. Clinical features, diagnostics and principles of treatment.Подготвя се
44. 44. Bleeding from the lower GI tract. Sources of bleeding. Clinical features, diagnostics and principles of treatment.Подготвя се
45. 45. Transplantology – definition, terminology. Transplantation of tissues and organs.Подготвя се
46. 46. Plastic and reconstructive surgeries. Definition, types.Подготвя се
47. 47. Nature of inflammation. Morphological changes and pathophysiology of the inflammatory process. Local and general clinical signs of inflammation. Sources and routes of spread of the inflammatory process.7 мин
48. 48. Classification of surgical infection. Causative agents of surgical infections. Acute purulent infection – abscess.Подготвя се
49. 49. Acute purulent infection – phlegmon. Chronic purulent infection.Подготвя се
50. 50. Purulent infections of the skin and its appendages - folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, hidradenitis.Подготвя се
51. 51. Purulent infection of the lymphatic system. Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis. Elephantiasis.Подготвя се
52. 52. General purulent infection (sepsis) - classification, etiology, pathogenesis. clinic, diagnostics and treatment. Abdominal sepsis.Подготвя се
53. 53. Anaerobic gas infection.Подготвя се
54. 54. Tetanus – clinic, treatment and prevention.Подготвя се
55. 55. Specific inflammatory diseases. Tuberculosis. Indications and surgical treatment of tuberculosis. Actinomycosis.Подготвя се
56. 56. Echinococcosis.Подготвя се
57. 57. Obstructive-icteric syndrome - definition, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of treatment.Подготвя се
58. 58. Acute abdomen syndrome. Inflammatory changes of the peritoneum. Perforation of hollow abdominal organs – clinical features, diagnostics and treatment.Подготвя се
59. 59. Acute abdomen syndrome. Intestinal obstruction - types, clinical features, diagnostics and principles of treatment.Подготвя се
60. 60. Acute arterial obstruction. Acute arterial thrombosis. Embolism – types.Подготвя се
61. 61. Chronic arterial obstruction – Raynaud 's syndrome and disease, Buerger's disease, obliterating atherosclerosis, diabetic angiopathy.Подготвя се
62. 62. Necrosis and gangrene. Classification of gangrene. Dry and wet gangrene.Подготвя се
63. 63. Venous insufficiency. Varicose veins – etiology, clinical features and complications.Подготвя се
64. 64. Thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis.Подготвя се
65. 65. Ulcers and fistulas. Etiology. Classification.Подготвя се
66. 66. Osteomyelitis – etiology, types. Periostitis and perichondritis.Подготвя се
67. 67. Surgical oncology. Epidemiology of malignant neoplasms. Modern theories of carcinogenesis. Genetic aspects, tumors with hereditary predisposition. Early diagnosis of malignant diseases, screening methods, tests for early diagnosis.14 мин
68. 68. General principles of the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Ablastics and antiblastics. Combined methods of treatment - radiation - chemotherapy, hormone -, immunotherapy.4 мин
69. 69. Classification of neoplasms. Morphology and biology of tumor growth. Precanceroses. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Clinical classification of malignant tumors. TNM - system. Basic apparatus and instrumental methods. Morphological diagnostics. Tumor markers.18 мин
70. 70. Benign and malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin.5 мин
71. 71. Benign and malignant neoplasms of connective tissue.7 мин
72. 72. Mixed tumors.2 мин
73. 73. Surgical endoscopy – principles and indications. Bronchoscopy, fibrogastroscopy, sigmoidoscopy and fibrocolonoscopy.8 мин
74. 74. Surgical endoscopy – principles and indications. Laparoscopy – technique, indications, contraindications. Bronchoscopy, VATS.3 мин
75. 75. Laparoscopic ( minimally invasive surgery) – history, development, principles. Advantages and disadvantages. Necessary equipment and instruments. Types of laparoscopic operations.1 мин
76. 76. Laparocentesis. Thoracocentesis. Puncture biopsy.6 мин
77. 77. Robosurgery and telesurgery.3 мин