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Medicine · Year 4 · MU Sofia

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is taught in Year 4 of the Medicine degree at the Medical University of Sofia, and its syllabus runs through 91 topics in a single sequence. It opens with the anatomy, blood supply and physiology of the eye and visual pathway, moves through light and colour perception, visual acuity, refraction and binocular vision, then covers diseases of the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, lens, uvea, retina and optic nerve. Glaucoma, strabismus, amblyopia, trauma, blindness and ophthalmic drugs close the list. AceMed has a note for every topic, about seven hours of reading in all, with 271 labelled pictures, one table and 1,324 flashcards.

The full MU Sofia syllabus for Ophthalmology, Medicine, Year 4: 91 topics, every one with a free study note (7 hours of reading), and 1,324 flashcards. Updated 2 November 2026.

syllabus topics
91
free notes
91
flashcards
1,324
of reading
7 h
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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Sofia syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

  1. 1. General data of the visual analyser/phylogenetic and ontogenetic development3 min · 15 cards
  2. 2. Blood supply and innervation of the visual analyser4 min · 14 cards
  3. 3. Applied anatomy of the orbit5 min · 13 cards
  4. 4. Applied anatomy of the lids2 min · 13 cards
  5. 5. Applied anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus3 min · 14 cards
  6. 6. Applied anatomy of the conjunctiva6 min · 16 cards
  7. 7. Applied anatomy of the cornea and sclera2 min · 14 cards
  8. 8. Applied anatomy of the anterior chamber angle and ocular hydrodynamics7 min · 16 cards
  9. 9. Applied anatomy of the lens and vitreous body4 min · 14 cards
  10. 10. Applied anatomy of the uvea5 min · 12 cards
  11. 11. Applied anatomy of the retina4 min · 14 cards
  12. 12. Applied anatomy of the visual pathway and cortical centers1 min · 13 cards
  13. 13. Perception of light, adaptation. Disorders of adaptation3 min · 14 cards
  14. 14. Perception of colour. Theory of colour vision. Disorders of colour vision *3 min · 13 cards
  15. 15. Central and peripheral vision. Visual acuity. Examination methods *6 min · 15 cards
  16. 16. Visual field. Pathologic changes of visual field. Examination methods*5 min · 16 cards
  17. 17. Physical and clinical refraction. Static (Emmetropia and Ametropia) and dynamic7 min · 15 cards
  18. 18. Methods of examination of refraction. Objective and subjective methods2 min · 15 cards
  19. 19. Myopia. Definition, clinical findings, treatment (glasses, contact lenses, surgery)2 min · 16 cards
  20. 20. Hypermetropia. Definition, clinical findings, treatment (glasses, contact lenses, surgery)2 min · 16 cards
  21. 21. Astigmatism. Definition, clinical findings, treatment (glasses, contact lenses, surgery)2 min · 16 cards
  22. 22. Accommodation. Disorders of Accommodation (insufficiency, paralysis, spasm).3 min · 14 cards
  23. 23. Binocular vision6 min · 16 cards
  24. 24. Examination methods in ophthalmology: Examination of the conjunctiva, lacrimal system, cornea, sclera, anterior chamber, iris, pupil, lens, posterior segment of the eye, intraocular pressure19 min · 14 cards
  25. 25. Diagnostics with ultrasonography, fluorescence in angiography, electrophysiological tests, optical coherence tomography (OCT)7 min · 16 cards
  26. 26. Clinical findings in orbital diseases3 min · 15 cards
  27. 27. Inflammatory and vascular orbital diseases8 min · 15 cards
  28. 28. Thyroid associated ophthalmology and tumours of the orbit *1 min · 13 cards
  29. 29. Clinical findings in eyelid diseases1 min · 4 cards
  30. 30. Congenital anomalies of the eyelids1 min
  31. 31. Diseases due to various eyelid positions (STye)5 min · 16 cards
  32. 32. Inflammatory diseases of the eyelids* (Blepharitis alot)3 min · 16 cards
  33. 33. Diseases of the lacrimal gland - acute and chronic dacryoadenitis, mikulicz syndrome, tumours of the lacrimal gland (Dry eyes, excessive waterig)4 min · 15 cards
  34. 34. Lacrimal drainage system diseases - stenosis (Atresia of the lacrimal punctum, canalicular stenosis, dacryocystitis (Acute, chronic, neonatal)) - clinical findings and treatment4 min · 15 cards
  35. 35. Dry eye syndrome - types, clinical findings and treatment1 min · 10 cards
  36. 36. Diseases of the conjunctiva - clinical findings*1 min · 12 cards
  37. 37. Inflammatory diseases of the conjunctive - acute conjunctivitis*8 min · 15 cards
  38. 38. Allergic conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis2 min · 13 cards
  39. 39. Chronic infectious conjunctivitis. Chronic non-infectious conjunctivitis, trachoma3 min · 13 cards
  40. 40. Degenerations of the conjunctiva (Styes)4 min · 15 cards
  41. 41. Tumours of the eyelids and conjunctiva6 min · 15 cards
  42. 42. Clinical findings in corneal diseases6 min · 16 cards
  43. 43. Inflammation of the cornea due to bacterial infections*4 min · 16 cards
  44. 44. Inflammation of the cornea due to viral infections*2 min · 15 cards
  45. 45. Parenchymatous keratitis2 min · 15 cards
  46. 46. Corneal dystrophies3 min · 14 cards
  47. 47. Diseases of the sclera*3 min · 16 cards
  48. 48. Normal and pathological pupillary responses3 min · 15 cards
  49. 49. Congenital lens anomalies3 min · 15 cards
  50. 50. Cataract. Cataract surgery*6 min · 16 cards
  51. 51. Semiology of vitreous body disorders7 min · 15 cards
  52. 52. Vitreous body diseases7 min · 16 cards
  53. 53. Uveitis - Aetiopathogenesis2 min · 14 cards
  54. 54. Inflammatory diseases of the anterior uvea*4 min · 16 cards
  55. 55. Intermediate and posterior uveitis2 min · 15 cards
  56. 56. Uveitis due to syndrome diseases6 min · 16 cards
  57. 57. Treatment of uveitis5 min · 16 cards
  58. 58. Uveal tumours2 min · 13 cards
  59. 59. Clinical findings in retinal diseases1 min · 12 cards
  60. 60. Degenerative disorders of the macula - congenital, acquired2 min · 15 cards
  61. 61. Peripheral degeneration of the retina6 min · 16 cards
  62. 62. Pigmentary degeneration of the retina2 min · 14 cards
  63. 63. Acute vascular disorders of the retina4 min · 15 cards
  64. 64. Diabetic retinopathy11 min · 14 cards
  65. 65. Vascular alterations of the retina due to arterial hypertension, sclerosis, renal diseases and toxaemic retinopathy of pregnancy1 min · 15 cards
  66. 66. Inflammations of the retina (central serous retinopathy and periphlebitis)6 min · 17 cards
  67. 67. Drug, professional and other intoxications of the retina and optic nerve4 min · 16 cards
  68. 68. Retinal detachment - types, clinical findings and treatment4 min · 14 cards
  69. 69. Tumours of the retina7 min · 16 cards
  70. 70. Optic neuritis2 min · 15 cards
  71. 71. Ischaemic optic neuropathy6 min · 16 cards
  72. 72. Oedema of the optic disc3 min · 15 cards
  73. 73. Atrophy of the optic disc1 min · 13 cards
  74. 74. Localisation of the disorders of visual pathways according to the visual field defects6 min · 15 cards
  75. 75. Glaucoma. Definition, types aetiology and pathogenesis*6 min · 14 cards
  76. 76. Glaucoma - diagnosis methods6 min · 16 cards
  77. 77. Clinical findings in primary open angle glaucoma - aetiology, risk factors, clinical findings, treatment and prophylaxis6 min · 16 cards
  78. 78. Clinical findings in closed angle glaucoma. Acute glaucoma - risk factors, clinical findings, treatment and prophylaxis7 min · 16 cards
  79. 79. Congenital glaucoma1 min · 15 cards
  80. 80. Secondary glaucoma - open and closed angle, pathogenesis, clinical findings and treatment4 min · 16 cards
  81. 81. Concomitant strabismus - types, treatment, prophylaxis* (any new squint - urgent referral, if always ophthalmologist)8 min · 15 cards
  82. 82. Paralytic strabismus - differential diagnosis with concomitant strabismus8 min · 13 cards
  83. 83. Amblyopia. Treatment3 min · 15 cards
  84. 84. Retinopathy of the prematurity - diagnosis, clinical findings and treatment7 min · 16 cards
  85. 85. Trauma of the orbit, eyelids and conjunctiva*5 min · 16 cards
  86. 86. Mechanical eye injuries. Non-penetrating injuries of the eye globe - contusion, lamellar laceration, superficial foreign bodies. Diagnosis management4 min · 15 cards
  87. 87. Mechanical eye injuries. Penetrating injuries of the eye globe- intraocular foreign bodies, penetrating and perforating ocular trauma4 min · 15 cards
  88. 88. Chemical and thermal burns of the eye. First aid9 min · 16 cards
  89. 89. Causes and prevention of blindness3 min · 16 cards
  90. 90. Pharmacological agents in ophthalmology4 min · 15 cards
  91. 91. Pain and anaesthesia in ophthalmology6 min · 16 cards

Other Year 4 subjects

  • Clinical Pathology138 notes
  • ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)52 notes
  • Hygiene and Occupational Medicine78 notes
  • Internal Diseases and Therapy139 notes
  • Neurology88 notes
  • Nuclear Medicine43 notes

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