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Medicine · Year 4 · MU Sofia

Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine is taught in Year 4 of the Medicine degree at the Medical University of Sofia, and its syllabus has 50 topics in three chapters. Nuclear medicine covers radioactivity, gamma cameras, SPECT and PET/CT, radiopharmaceuticals, organ scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy. Radiotherapy covers delivery methods, equipment, brachytherapy, radiosensitivity, radiation reactions and treatment of specific cancers. Medical oncology covers chemotherapy, targeted and hormone therapy, adverse effects and treatment of major tumours. AceMed has notes for 43 topics, about three hours of reading, with 106 labelled pictures, 19 tables and 559 flashcards. The nuclear medicine notes are the most detailed.

The full MU Sofia syllabus for Nuclear Medicine, Medicine, Year 4: 50 topics, 43 topics with a free study note (3 hours of reading), and 559 flashcards. Updated 2 November 2026.

syllabus topics
50
free notes
43
flashcards
559
of reading
3 h
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Syllabus

The topics in the order of the MU Sofia syllabus. Each one with a note opens in AceMed once you're signed in.

Nuclear medicine 15 topics

  1. 1. Radioactivity. Basic physical characteristics in nuclear medicine.6 min · 13 cards
  2. 2. Basic principles in radionuclide diagnostics. Apparatures – planar gamma camera, SPECT – gamma camera, SPECT/CT, PET/CT – basic principles.6 min · 16 cards
  3. 3. Radionuclides and radionuclide generator systems.Generator for producing 99mTc. Single photon and positron emitters. Radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostics and therapy.4 min · 15 cards
  4. 4. Nuclear medicine diagnostics of endocrine system. Radioiodine – uptake test. Thyroid scintigraphy in benign and nodular thyroid diseases. Whole-body scintigraphy with I-131 in thyroid carcinoma. Application of SPECT/CT. Parathyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc MIBI and 99mTc tetrofosmin – dual-phase and subtraction scintigraphy.6 min · 15 cards
  5. 5. Nuclear medicine diagnostics of the urinary tract. Dynamic renal scintigraphy with diuretic, radiopharmaceuticals, phases, renogram curves, clinical applications. Captopril renal scintigraphy. Cortical renal scintigraphy – clinical applications. Nuclear medicine diagnosis of testicles. Application of SPECT/CT.6 min · 15 cards
  6. 6. Nuclear medicine diagnostics of heart-vascular system: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (during stress and rest) – radiopharmaceuticals, protocols, reversible and fixed defects, clinical application. Myocardial scintigraphy synchronously with the ECG (gated SPECT). Application of SPECT-CT.15 min · 16 cards
  7. 7. Nuclear medicine diagnostics in neurology: perfusion, tumourotropic and receptor scintigraphy of the brain. Application of SPECT-CT.4 min · 12 cards
  8. 8. Nuclear medicine diagnostics of respiratory system: perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy. Radiopharmaceuticals. Scintigraphic diagnosis of pulmonary emboli and DD with other pulmonary diseases. Application of SPECT-CT.6 min · 14 cards
  9. 9. Nuclear medicine diagnostics of the bones and joints: spot static and whole body scintigraphy, dynamic scintigraphy. Application in metastatic disease and benign bone diseases. Application of SPECT-CT.12 min · 14 cards
  10. 10. Nuclear medicine diagnostics in oncology. Tumor imaging with nonspecific, specific and receptor tumorotropic radiopharmaceuticals. 99mTc MIBI, 99mTc - Tektrotyd, 18F-FDG, 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-DOTATOC. Lymph node scintigraphy and visualization of sentinel lymph nodes. Application of SPECT-CT.7 min · 14 cards
  11. 11. PET/CT - principles, radiopharmaceuticals, indications and research.13 min · 16 cards
  12. 12. Application of FDG PET-CT in non-oncological diseases - neurology, cardiology and unclear febrile conditions.10 min · 16 cards
  13. 13. Application of FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis of tumors, staging, monitoring the effect of treatment and prognosis.14 min · 16 cards
  14. 14. Application of Gallium-68 PET-CT in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors, staging, monitoring the effect of treatment and prognosis.9 min · 16 cards
  15. 15. Metabolic radionuclide therapy. Main principles and application5 min · 16 cards

Radiotherapy 18 topics

  1. 1. Radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary approach for tumor control1 min · 13 cards
  2. 2. Radiotherapy methods in patients managements - combination of radiotherapeutic modalities.1 min · 11 cards
  3. 3. Orthovoltage radiotherapy2 min · 15 cards
  4. 4. External beam radiotherapy Megavoltage equipment - telecobalt machines, linear accelerators.2 min · 13 cards
  5. 5. Brachytherapy - intracavitary, interstitial, methabolic, contact tumor tissue radiosensitvity. Therapeutic window.1 min · 11 cards
  6. 6. Tumor radiosensitivity. Therapeutic intervals.1 min · 10 cards
  7. 7. Normal tissue and organ radiosensitivity. Early and late radiation reactions.1 min · 9 cards
  8. 8. Main algorithms for prescribing and delivering radiotherapy1 min · 11 cards
  9. 9. Radiotherapy in treatment of breast cancer1 min · 9 cards
  10. 10. Radiotherapy in treatment of cervix cancer1 min · 11 cards
  11. 11. Radiotherapy in treatment of endometrial cancerBeing written
  12. 12. Radiotherapy in treatment of cancer of larynx1 min · 11 cards
  13. 13. Radiotherapy in treatment of cancer of nasopharynx1 min · 11 cards
  14. 14. Radiotherapy in treatment of skin cancer1 min · 10 cards
  15. 15. Radiotherapy as a treatment modality in Hodgkin disease1 min · 13 cards
  16. 16. Radiotherapy as a treatment modality in seminoma testisBeing written
  17. 17. Radiotherapy in treatment of prostate cancerBeing written
  18. 18. Radiotherapy as a treatment modality in benign disease ( borderline tumours, benign disease with expansion, degenerative disease etc.)2 min · 15 cards

Medical oncology 17 topics

  1. 1. Cancer biology. Cancer epidemiology. Cancer prevention and early detection.Being written
  2. 2. Diagnosis of oncological diseases. Modern diagnostic methods and their importance in oncology. TNM classification. Performance status of the cancer patient- ECOG scaleBeing written
  3. 3. Treatment of oncological diseases. Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of malignant diseases. Therapeutic response. Cancer board3 min · 16 cards
  4. 4. Follow-up of cancer patients. Symptomatic and palliative treatment. Pain treatment.1 min · 9 cards
  5. 5. Conventional chemotherapy. Classes, mechanisms of action, representatives and common toxicities. Dosage and modes of administration.1 min · 13 cards
  6. 6. Hormone therapy. Classes, mechanisms of action, representatives and common toxicities.1 min · 13 cards
  7. 7. Targeted therapy. Classes, mechanisms of action, representatives and common toxicities.1 min · 11 cards
  8. 8. Immunotherapy. Classes, mechanisms of action, representatives and common toxicities.Being written
  9. 9. Adverse drug events - manifestations and treatment: Febrile neutropenia. Upper and lower dyspeptic complications. Haematological toxicity. Extravasates. Drug-induced autoimmune diseases. Hypersensitivity reactions.3 min · 15 cards
  10. 10. Malignant tumors of the lung - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.1 min · 12 cards
  11. 11. Malignant tumors of the breast - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.1 min · 14 cards
  12. 12. Malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, pancreas, colorectal cancer) - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.2 min · 15 cards
  13. 13. Malignant tumors of the female reproductive system (ovary, cervix, endometrium) - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.1 min · 12 cards
  14. 14. Malignant tumors of the urinary system (kidney, bladder) - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.2 min · 13 cards
  15. 15. Malignant tumors of the male reproductive system (prostate, testis) - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.1 min · 6 cards
  16. 16. Malignant tumors of the head and neck - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment1 min · 13 cards
  17. 17. Malignant tumors of the skin (malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers) - clinical picture, classification, staging and complex treatment.Being written

Other Year 4 subjects

  • Clinical Pathology138 notes
  • ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)52 notes
  • Hygiene and Occupational Medicine78 notes
  • Internal Diseases and Therapy139 notes
  • Neurology88 notes
  • Ophthalmology91 notes

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